摘 要：
1.苹果绵蚜在青岛地区1年中最高繁殖代数为17代,平均8—9代。 2.绵蚜1年中繁殖率从6月中旬至7月中旬(22—25℃)为最高,当平均气温连续多日高达26℃以上时其繁殖率显著下降。生长季节一般低温对绵蚜总繁殖率影响不大。 3.夏季有翅蚜发生时期为5月下旬至6月下旬,为数较少,出现时期也很零散,可胎生无翅胎生绵蚜与雌雄性蚜。秋季有翅蚜自8月底开始发生,盛期在9月中旬至10月中旬,10月中旬以后即极少发生,其后代为雌雄性蚜。 4.有翅蚜无口吻,约于7—9日内脱皮4次即行交尾,雌蚜仅产卵1粒,未经交配者不产卵。性蚜自然死亡率很高(平均81.2％),在田间尚未发现有越冬卵。 5.棉蚜主要越冬场所均在其原寄生部位,如伤口、裂缝内与根部不定芽上。越冬虫态以Ⅰ、Ⅱ龄绵蚜为主。 6.绵蚜之迁移以Ⅰ龄若虫为主,5月下旬至7月中旬为主要迁移为害时期。 7.绵蚜可在苹果的萼洼内寄生为害。 8.除西洋苹果、山荆子、花红与海棠外,尚未发现绵蚜有其他寄主。 9.20倍松脂合剂加0.02％γ可湿性666或5％—6％蒽油乳剂,为防治越冬绵蚜的有效药剂。生长季节可用666乳剂或可湿性666防治。 10.666酸霉味对果实品质能引起不良影响,经初步试验其施用时期最晚不应迟于采收前1个半月至2个月。
译 名：
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE LIFE HISTORY AND THE CONTROL OF THE WOOLLY APHIS (ERIOSOMA LANIGERUM HAUSMANN)IN TSINGTAO DISTRICT
作 者：
CHANG YOH;CHU WEN-HWEI Shantung Agricultural Research Institute Tsingtao Fruit Experimental Station
摘 要：
Thewoolly aphis, is one of the major insect pests of the apple in Eastern Shan-tung. Serious damage caused by the attack of the aerial form of this insect in neg-lected orchards, often caused death to the apple trees. According to observations made in Tsingtao, the woolly aphis reproduced anaverage of 8-9 generations, with a maximum of 17 generations per year. Winteris spent mainly by the 1st and the 2nd instar nymphs, hibernating in the woundsand crevices of the apple tree. Overwintering nymphs nd apterous agamic femaleswere also found at the base of the trunk just below soil level, and on suckers thathad been allowed to grow around the tree, but the damage caused by the root formof this insect is negligible. By the end of April to early May (average temperature 11.0-14.3℃) newly-born nymphy were seen to crawl to the base of the young growing shoots. Thepeak of migration being in June and the early part of July, where an average ofonly 8.2 days is needed to complete a cycle. Each female may then give forth toan average of 94.2 nymphs parthenogenetically. Two gererations of winged agamic females were recorded during the wholelife history. The summer form, though not often seen, occured from May 20 to June23, these gave birth to apterous agamic females and sexuales. Towards the latterpart of August, a brood of fall winged migrants are developed. Their number in-creased as the colonies grow, reaching an average of 23.1-46.4% of winged indivi-duals per colony by September 18 to October 18. The fall migrants gave birth onlyto wingless and mouthless true males and females. After pairing, only a singlefertilized egg was laid by the female. Due to the high mortality of these sexuales,no eggs as yet was found overwintering on the apple tree. Eggs obtained in labora- tory conditions and hundreds of adult sexuales transplanted in October to previous-ly sterlized wounds on the branches of the apple tree, also failed to hatch in thefollowing year, though further works are still being needed to ascertain this fact. Early instar nymphs were also found to infest the calyx of the fruit, thoughnone of them could live up to the adult stage. According to a preliminary test on20 infested apples stored under room temperature from September to October, nonymphs were found to be alive in the calyx after 50 days storage. Studies madeon the time of calyx infestation are in accordance with those of migration. The natural enemies of the woolly aphis are in the order of their importance:a minute chalcid parasite (Aphelinus mali Hald.), the larva of a Chrysopa sp., ladybird beetles and a syrphus maggot. These played an important part in the sup-pressing of this pest in some months of the year. Based on these facts and on the lifehistory of the woolly aphis, an effective spray program has been devised in the controlof Eriosoma. These include a resin wash solution to be diluted with 20 parts ofwater plus 0.02%γ wettable BHC or 5%-6% tar distillate, to be applied in the dor-mant stage; followed by two successive sprays of 0.02-γ-0.03%γ BHC during theearly period of migration, about May 15 and June 10. At the above concentrationand time of usage, BHC proved to have no deleterious effect on the apple.
