作 者：
梁紫恒;徐宏建;张振红;赵玉萍;刘洁;王猛;张志宏;何茂龙;李建国;高艳霞;沈宜钊
单 位：
河北农业大学动物科技学院;河北省乳制品产业技术研究院;乐达(广州)香味剂有限公司
摘 要：
本试验旨在研究开食料中添加鲜味剂对夏季出生荷斯坦犊牛生长性能、热应激以及血清指标的影响.采用单因素随机试验设计,选取体重、日龄相近,饲喂足量初乳的荷斯坦初生母犊牛60头,随机分为4组,每组15头.对照组犊牛饲喂不添加鲜味剂的开食料,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组则在对照组开食料基础上分别添加150、300、450 g/t的鲜味剂.试验期为73 d,其中哺乳期63 d,断奶后继续饲喂10 d.结果显示:犊牛出生后第1周开食料日均干物质采食量随着鲜味剂添加量的增加有二次变化的趋势(P=0.07),在添加量为300 g/t时增加幅度最高,较对照组提高88.5%;犊牛出生后第2周、第3周、第4周、第7周、第9周和第10周的开食料日均干物质采食量随着鲜味剂添加量的增加均线性提高(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组相较于对照组分别提高了15.17%(P>0.05)、25.69%(P<0.05)、27.34%(P<0.05)、16.98%(P<0.05)、29.76%(P<0.05)、26.23%(P<0.05).犊牛60日龄时体重以及1~60日龄的平均日增重随鲜味剂添加量的增加呈线性增加(P<0.05).犊牛30和45日龄时体高随鲜味剂添加量的增加呈线性升高(P<0.05);犊牛30、45和70日龄时体长随鲜味剂添加量的增加呈线性升高(P<0.05);犊牛60日龄时胸围和腹围随鲜味剂添加量的增加呈线性升高(P<0.05).60日龄时,各试验组犊牛16:00的呼吸频率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05).鲜味剂添加量对犊牛各阶段的粪便评分和腹泻率均无显著影响(P>0.05).60日龄时,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的血清葡萄糖含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);15日龄时,血清尿素氮含量随鲜味剂添加量的增加呈二次变化(P<0.05),在添加量为300 g/t时有最低值.综上所述,在开食料中添加鲜味剂可以缓解夏季出生犊牛的热应激,并能通过提高开食料采食量提高犊牛的生长性能.
译 名：
Effects of Umami Enhancer on Growth Performance,Heat Stress and Serum Indexes of Holstein Calves Born in Summer
关键词：
Holstein calves%umami enhancer%growth performance%heat stress
摘 要：
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of adding umami enhancer to starter on the growth performance,heat stress and serum indexes of Holstein calves.The single factor randomized experimen-tal design was used in this experiment.Sixty Holstein newborn female calves with similar body weight and age and fed with sufficient colostrum were randomly divided into 4 groups with 15 calves in each group.The calves in control group were fed a starter without adding umami enhancer.On the basis of the starter of control group,150,300 and 450 g/t umami enhancer were added to the starters in experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,re-spectively.The trial period was 73 days,including 63 days of lactation,and continued feeding for 10 days af-ter weaning.The results showed that the average daily dry matter intake(ADDMI)of starter of calves in the first week after birth showed a quadratic variation trend with the increase of umami enhancer additive amount(P=0.07),and the increase rate was the highest when the additive amount was 300 g/t,which was 88.5%higher than that of the control group;with the increase of umami enhancer additive amount,the ADDMI of starter of calves in the 2nd,3rd,4th,7th,9th and 10th weeks after birth was linear increased(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the ADDMI of starter of the experimental group Ⅲ was increased by 15.17%(P>0.05),25.69%(P<0.05),27.34%(P<0.05),16.98%(P<0.05),29.76%(P<0.05)and 26.23%(P<0.05),respectively.The body weight of 60-day-old calves and the average daily gain(ADG)of calves at 1 to 60 days of age were increased linearly with the increase of umami enhancer additive amount(P<0.05).At 30 and 45 days of age,the body height of calves increased linearly with the increase of umami en-hancer additive amount(P<0.05).At 30,45 and 70 day of age,the body length of calves increased linearly with the increase of umami enhancer additive amount(P<0.05).At 60 days of age,the chest circumference of calves increased linearly with the increase of umami enhancer additive amount(P<0.05).The respiratory rate of calves at 16:00 in experimental groups was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).The ad-dition of umami enhancer had no significant effects on the fecal score and diarrhea rate of calves at each stage(P>0.05).At 60 days of age,the serum glucose content in experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly increased compared with the control group(P<0.05).At 15 days of age,the serum urea nitrogen content showed a quadratic variation with the increase of umami enhancer additive amount(P<0.05),and it reached the lowest value when the additive amount of umami enhancer was 300 g/t.In conclusion,adding umami en-hancer to the starter can alleviate the heat stress of calves born in summer,and improve the growth performance of calves by increasing starter feed intake.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2024,36(8):5117-5129]
