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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 燕麦与豆科作物间作对土壤酶活和微生物量的影响 甘肃农业大学学报 2020,55 (3) 54-61
Position: Home > Articles > Effects of oat-legume intercropping on soil enzyme activities and abundance of soil microbe Journal of Gansu Agricultural University 2020,55 (3) 54-61

燕麦与豆科作物间作对土壤酶活和微生物量的影响

作  者：
乔月静;郭来春;葛军勇;刘琪;杨珍平;高志强
单  位：
山西农业大学农学院;吉林省白城市农业科学院;张家口市农业科学院
关键词：
间作;燕麦;豆类;土壤酶活;土壤微生物量;土地当量比
摘  要：
【目的】探索燕麦与豆科作物间作模式中的土壤酶与土壤微生物的作用机制,明确燕麦与豆科作物的间作优势,为燕麦间作模式生产提供科学依据.【方法】设置燕麦单作(TO)、大豆单作(TB)、豌豆单作(TP)、燕麦/大豆间作(TOB)和燕麦/豌豆间作(TOP)5种种植方式,以裸地为对照(CK),测定燕麦3个生育时期的土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶4种酶活性,土壤细菌和真菌数量,及燕麦、大豆和豌豆的产量,并分析其相关关系.【结果】燕麦与豆科作物间作条件下,土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶显著高于相应的单作方式和裸地对照.TOP的脲酶活性成熟期比CK提高了151.37%;TOP与TOB的过氧化氢酶活性显著高于单作TP、TO、TB;TOP的蔗糖酶活性显著高于CK,提高12.48%;碱性磷酸酶在间作模式下显著低于燕麦单作和对照,且随生育期呈现下降趋势,尤其TOP成熟期比苗期降低65.96%,比CK降低56.58%.土壤酶相对活性综合指数(REACI)随生育期的推进,均呈先增后降的变化,顺序为TOP>TP>TOB>TB>TO.间作模式下的土壤细菌数量显著高于单作,而真菌相反,且细菌的数量与土壤酶活相关性更高.与单作相比,燕麦/大豆间作、燕麦/豌豆间作优势明显,土地当量比(LER)分别为1.43和1.51.【结论】燕麦与豆科作物间作在不施肥条件下,可提高土壤酶活性,使土壤向健康的"细菌型"转变,改善土壤微生态环境,且有明显间作优势.
译  名：
Effects of oat-legume intercropping on soil enzyme activities and abundance of soil microbe
作  者：
QIAO Yue-jing;GUO Lai-chun;GE Jun-yong;LIU Qi;YANG Zhen-ping;GAO Zhi-qiang;College of Agronomy,Shanxi Agriculture University;Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences;
关键词：
intercropping;;oats;;legumes;;soil enzyme activities;;soil microbe abundance;;land equivalent ratio
摘  要：
【Objective】 In order to explore the mechanism of soil enzyme and soil microbe in oat intercropping system with legumes,to define the intercropping advantages,providing scientific bass for oat intercropping pattern production.【Method】 Five planting patterns( oat monoculture,TO;soybean monoculture,TB;pea monoculture,TP;oat-soybean intercropping,TOB;oat-pea intercropping,TOP) and bulk soil as CK were carried out in this study.The four soil enzymes activity as urease,catalase,alkaline phosphatase and sucrase,and microbial abundance in three growing stages of oat,and the yield of crops were determined.【Result】 The soil urease,catalase and sucrase under the intercropping of oat and leguminous were significantly higher than those of the monoculture patterns and CK, the urease activity of TOP in mature stage was 151.37% higher than that of CK;the catalase activity of TOP and TOB was significantly higher than that of TP,TO and TB;the sucrase activity of TOP was 12.48% higher than that of CK.However,the alkaline phosphatase under the intercropping patterns,was significantly lower than that of oat monoculture and CK,and showed a decreasing trend with the growth stages,especially TOP in mature stage,it was 65.96% lower than seedling stage,and 56.58% lower than CK.The soil relative enzymes activity comprehensive index(REACI) was ‘increase to decrease' with the growth stages,and the sequence was TOP>TP>TOB>TB>TO.The abundance of soil bacteria in the intercropping patterns was significantly higher than that in the monoculture patterns,whereas the abundance of fungus was on the contrary,and the abundance of bacteria has a higher correlation with soil enzyme activity than fungus.The land equivalent ratio(LER) of oat-soybean and oat-pea intercropping were respectively 1.43 and 1.51.【Conclusion】 The intercropping of oats and legumes distinctly superior to monoculture,increased the activity of the soil enzyme activities,and the soil of intercropping trended to be a healthy bacterial type,improved the soil micro-ecological environment.

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