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Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
2022,38
(2)
52-62
奶牛养殖废物还田氮营养盐运移规律研究
作 者：
美英;刘玉琦;周航;田彦锋;臧琛;李现华
单 位：
内蒙古自治区环境科学研究院;内蒙古工业大学能源与动力工程学院;内蒙古优然牧业有限责任公司
关键词：
养殖废物还田;田间管理;施肥;总氮;硝态氮;铵态氮
摘 要：
中国奶牛养殖废物作为有机肥料施入农田土壤中,已成为当今奶牛养殖废物处理的热门趋势,但因其含有大量氮营养盐的特性,可能会造成农田土壤及周边地下水环境污染问题。本文通过对规模化奶牛养殖废物进行11种基肥+追肥模式的田间管理,研究农田土壤和土壤水溶液中氮素的运移规律。结果表明,不同深度各田间管理土壤总氮平均含量随着深度增加而呈现逐渐降低的趋势;施氮量与不同田间管理各深度土壤中硝态氮平均含量呈显著正相关关系;硝态氮是土壤水溶液中氮素的主要形态;施肥是农田氮输入的主要来源,淋失是农田氮输出的主要项目;仅靠生物固氮和大气沉降作为氮输入来源会造成土壤的氮耗竭;基肥为100%液肥+追肥为100%液肥(Q100100)田间管理最易使土壤中氮含量过剩;基肥为固肥和50%液肥+追肥为75%液肥(SQ5075)的田间管理最容易产生氮淋失;基肥为固肥和75%液肥+追肥为75%液肥(SQ7575)田间管理淋失氮损失最小,更有利于植物的生长,有益于土壤中氮素累积。
译 名：
Transport of Nitrogen Nutrient Salts in Large-scale Dairy Farming Waste Returning to Field
作 者：
MEI Ying;LIU Yuqi;ZHOU Hang;TIAN Yanfeng;ZANG Chen;LI Xianhua;College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology;Inner Mongolia Youran Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd.;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Environmental Science Research Institute;
关键词：
dairy farming waste returning to field;;field management;;fertilization;;total nitrogen;;nitrate nitrogen;;ammonium nitrogen
摘 要：
Dairy farming waste as an organic fertilizer has become a popular trend of dairy farming waste returning to field in China, but it may cause environmental pollution of farmland soil and surrounding groundwater due to its characteristics of a large amount of nitrogen nutrients. In this paper, the field management of 11 types of base fertilizer + topdressing models of large-scale dairy farming waste returning to field was used to study the law of nitrogen transport in farmland soil and soil aqueous solution. The results showed that the average content of total nitrogen in the soil of different depths under field management showed a gradually decreasing trend as the depth increased; the amount of nitrogen applied was significantly and positively correlated with the average content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil of different depths; nitrate nitrogen was the main form of nitrogen in the soil aqueous solution. Fertilization was the main source of farmland nitrogen input, and leaching was the main item of farmland nitrogen output; only relying on biological nitrogen fixation and atmospheric deposition as the source of nitrogen input would cause soil nitrogen depletion. Base fertilizer of 100% liquid fertilizer + topdressing of 100% liquid fertilizer(Q100100) field management was most likely to cause excess nitrogen in the soil; solid fertilizer and 50% liquid fertilizer as base fertilizer +topdressing of 75% liquid fertilizer(SQ5075) was most prone to nitrogen leaching. Solid fertilizer and 75%liquid fertilizer as base fertilizer + topdressing of 75% liquid fertilizer(SQ7575) had the least loss of nitrogen from leaching, and was more conducive to plant growth and the accumulation of nitrogen in soil.
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