关键词：
乌兰布和绿洲区;土地利用;土壤微生物;土壤酶;土壤生物质量评价
摘 要：
针对乌兰布和绿洲区10类林地和6类农地0～20 cm土层,分析了土壤微生物数量和酶活性特征,利用因子分析法并对土壤生物学质量进行综合定量评价。结果表明,地类间生物学指标变异系数大(3种微生物数量123%～173%、7种酶活性42%～73%)。相比荒漠对照,土壤细菌和放线菌平均数量分别高出13.0倍和3.2倍,正效应明显,真菌数量灌木林地平均高出2.7倍,乔木地和农地高出0.8倍(呈负效应)。土壤酶活性高出荒漠对照分别为蔗糖酶4.2倍、脲酶2.0倍、过氧化氢酶2.0倍、碱性磷酸酶2.2倍、纤维素酶2.2倍、多酚氧化酶1.3倍、蛋白酶0.8倍(呈负效应)。筛选出的11个评价指标(有机质、阳离子交换量、真菌、放线菌、蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、多酚氧化酶、蛋白酶和物理性黏粒)对SBQI(soil biological quality index)贡献达82%,评价结果科学可靠(R~2=0.875);各地类SBQI平均高出对照1.5～2.7倍,97.7%的SBQI<0.5(SBQI≤1),绿洲体系形成30多a来,区域土壤生物质量普遍得以改善,但整体很低;SBQI均值由大到小为:农地(0.31)、乔木地(0.28)、灌木地(0.27);沙枣(0.38)、苜蓿(0.35)、籽瓜(0.34)=番茄(0.34)=小美旱杨(0.34)、沙棘(0.33)、二白杨(0.30)=玉米(0.30)、油葵(0.27)、花葵(0.25)=柽柳(0.25)=沙木蓼(0.25)、花棒(0.24)=柠条(0.24)、霸王(0.23)、新疆杨(0.21)、对照(0.14)。建议根据研究区实际,有灌溉条件时,应密植杨树类乔木;无灌溉条件时,优推沙枣、沙棘等固氮灌木;农地多种苜蓿等豆科牧草和低矮经济作物。
译 名：
Soil Biological Quality and Their Integrated Assessment in Ulanbuh Oasis Areas
作 者：
BAO Yao-xian;XIAO Jing-jing;LIU Xiao-wei;SUN Yan-fang;Beijing BHZQ Environmental Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd.;
关键词：
Ulanbuh oasis area;;land utilization;;soil microbe;;soil enzyme;;integrated assessment of soil biological quality
摘 要：
This study analyzed the characteristics on soil microbial quantity and soil enzyme activities in 0-20 cm soil layers of 10 types of forestland and 6 types of farmland occurring in Ulanbuh oasis area.An integrated quantitative assessment was carried out on the soil biological quality by factor analysis method.The results showed that the variation coefficients of microbial quantity(3 kinds) and enzyme activity(7 kinds) were 123%-173% and 42%-73%,respectively.The average quantities of bacteria and actinomycetes were 13.0 and 3.2 times more than the control, exhibiting significant positive effects on the improvement of soil quality.The average fungus quantities of shrub lands were 2.7 times more than the control, and that of arbor lands and farmlands was 0.8 times(negative effect).The soil enzyme activities of sucrose, urease, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, cellulase, polyphenol oxidase were 4.2,2.0,2.0,2.2,2.2 and 1.3 times higher than those of the control(these showed positive effects),respectively, the soil protease activity was 0.8 times higher than the control(negative effect).Eleven indicators of organic matter, cationic exchange capacity, fungus, actinomyces, sucrase, urease, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, protease and physical clay were screened out and their contributions achieved 82% to soil biological quality index(SBQIs),the evaluation results of SBQIs were scientific and reliable(R~2=0.875).SBQIs of all forestlands and farmlands were 1.5-2.7 times higher than those of the control samples on average, the proportion of SBQIs<0.5(SBQIs≤1) was 97.7% indicating that the overall soil biological quality was improved through oasis systems built in study area over 30 years, but SBQIs were very low wholly.The mean of SBQIs was farmlands(0.31),arbor lands(0.28),shrub lands(0.27),Elaeagnus angustifolia(0.38),alfalfa(0.35),seed melon(0.34)=tomatoes(0.34),Populus simonii×(P.pyramidalis+Salix matsudana) cv.poplaris)(0.34),seabuckthorn(0.33),P.gansuensis(0.30)=maize(0.30),oil sunflower(0.27),sunflower(0.25)=Tamarix chinensis(0.25),Atraphaxis mandshurica(0.25),Hedysarum scoparium(0.24)=Caragana korshinskii(0.24),Zygophyllum xanthoxylum(0.23)=P.alba var.pyramidalis(0.21),control(0.14).It was suggested that arbor species, such as poplar trees could be planted densely in the areas with favorable irrigation conditions, while for those areas without irrigation conditions, nitrogen fixation shrubs were recommended, such as Hippophae rhamnoides and Elaeagnus angustifolia,in crop land, leguminous forage grass such as alfalfa and low cash crops should be cultivated.
