摘 要：
种稻改良盐碱地是我国的传统措施之一。各地实践证明,种稻前后相比较,土壤脱盐效果显著,一般都能减少总盐量的20—80%,在整个剖面中以表层脱盐最高,为后作创造一个淡化土层,有利于作物生长。根据南疆各团场生产实践表明,有些种稻条田当年脱盐以后,在回旱一年、两年或三
译 名：
THE RECLAMATION OF SALINE SOIL BY RICE CULTIVATION IN SOUTHERN XINJIANG
作 者：
Li Li-qun, Dong Han-zhang Wang Zun-qin (Institute of Soil Science, Academia Sinica, Nanjing)
摘 要：
In the Tarim basin, one year of rice cultivation on soils of high salinity brought about a decrease in salt content to the extent of 20 to 80%. In the soil profile, desalinization is most remarkable in the ploughed layer.Under equal conditions, the longer the period of rice cultivation is prolonged, the thicker the layer of desalinization is formed. A great changes have taken place in the composition of the soil salts after rice cultivation. In a farm near Aksu, for example, the main component of salt in soil was mainly chlorides, which changed into sulphates ranging from 60 to 90% of total anions after four years of rice cultivation, at the same time, the sodium was replaced by calcium as the main component of cations up to 50—80% of the total cations. The desalinization and changes in the components of the salts after rice cultivation provided a favorable conditions for the succeeding crop.The downward movement of water in paddy fields not only desalinized the soil to a certain depth, but also decreased the salinity of ground water, the changes depended on local hydrogeological and drainage conditions.In the area along the Tarim river, the original salinity of ground water is lower and easy to form the layer of desalinized ground water through rice cultivation and irrigation. But in the juncture areas between the flooding plain and diluvial fan where the original salinity of ground water is higher generally up to 20—60 g/l., the desalinization of the soil and ground water in this region is slower and more difficult, even under favorable drainage condition. Therefore, in the area of poor drainage, the rice cultivation may only bring about temporary benefits. In this case, a portion of salts removed from the land through drainage outlets, but under drying condition the salts may rise again with the upward capillary water and accumulated in surface soil. After being kept dry farming from one to three years, the beneficial effects of rice cultivation will disappear completely. Then it is necessary to plant rice once more. Thus, a rotation system of paddy rice and upland crops is developed, in order to control the salt regime in the plowed horizon of the soil. The period of such a rotation system depends greatly upon the rate of desalinization of the soil and ground water.It is obvious, therefore, that the drainage is of most important in the improvement of saline soil. Owing to little difference in the elevation of land surface, it is impossible to drain the soil with drainage ditchs which cannot be digged in adequate depth. For acceleration of the desalinization of soil and ground water, it is necessary to adopt resonable systems combinated gravity drainage with pumping drainage, shaft drainage with ditch drainage, shallow drainage with deep drainage on tho basis of local conditions.
