作 者：
张运红;姚健;和爱玲;杜君;郑春风;张洁梅
关键词：
尿素硝酸铵溶液;小麦;施用;产量;氮素吸收利用
摘 要：
采用盆栽试验,研究了尿素硝酸铵溶液(UAN)减量增效施用对小麦产量和氮素吸收利用的影响,旨在为推动液体氮肥在农业生产中的应用提供理论依据。结果表明:同等施氮条件下,与尿素相比,施用UAN处理的不同生育时期小麦株高、生育后期功能叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值)分别提高了4.6%~24.5%、5.0%~9.7%,产量提高了31.9%,且主要归因于穗数的增加。UAN减氮20%(80%UAN)处理与尿素全量(100%UN)处理相比,小麦不减产,在此基础上添加增效剂海藻酸钠寡糖(AOS)、氨基酸(aa)分别使小麦增产18.5%、5.6%。同等施氮条件下,施用UAN还可提高小麦花前地上部营养体的氮素转移能力及其对籽粒的贡献率,与100%UN处理相比,UAN全量(100%UAN)处理的植株总氮累积量增加24.4%,氮素吸收效率、氮素表观回收率、氮素农学利用效率、氮肥生产效率也分别显著提高24.1%、27.1%、33.9%、31.9%。80%UAN处理较100%UN处理植株总氮累积量显著增加22.0%,氮素吸收效率、氮素表观回收率、氮素农学利用效率、氮肥生产效率显著提高52.2%、55.5%、21.8%、22.0%;在此基础上添加AOS,氮素收获指数及其他氮素利用相关指标较80%UAN处理进一步显著提高,添加纳米Mg(OH)2对植株氮含量提升幅度最大,花期和成熟期秸秆氮含量分别较80%UAN处理增加40.7%和16.3%,对其他指标影响较小。综上,尿素硝酸铵溶液在小麦上施用效果优于尿素,可实现节肥增效。
译 名：
Effects of the Reducing and Efficiency-increasing Application of Urea Ammonium Nitrate Solution on the Yield and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Wheat
作 者：
ZHANG Yunhong;YAO Jian;HE Ailing;DU Jun;ZHENG Chunfeng;ZHANG Jiemei;Institute of Plant Nutrition & Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science/Henan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Eco-environment,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences;
单 位：
Institute of Plant Nutrition & Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science/Henan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Eco-environment,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
关键词：
urea ammonium nitrate solution;;wheat;;application;;yield;;nitrogen uptake and utilization
摘 要：
Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of the reducing and efficiency-increasing application of urea ammonium nitrate solution( UAN) on the yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization of wheat,in order to provide scientific basis for the application of liquid nitrogen fertilizer in agricultural production. The results showed that compared with urea,applying UAN increased the plant height by4. 6% —24. 5% at different growth stages of wheat and increased the SPAD value of functional leaves by5. 0% —9. 7% at the late growth stage under the same nitrogen level,thereby raising the yield by31. 9%,which was mainly due to the increase of panicle number. The yield of 80% UAN treatment did not change significantly as compared to 100% urea treatment,but was increased by 18. 5% or 5. 6% after fertilizer synergist alginate oligosaccharides( AOS) or amino acid( aa) was added,respectively. Under the same nitrogen level,compared with urea,applying UAN also enhanced the ability of transferring nitrogen to seeds of upper ground organs in early growth period and the contribution to the grain,thereby increasing total nitrogen accumulation in plant by 24. 4%; Moreover,nitrogen uptake efficiency,nitrogen recovery efficiency,agronomic nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer productive efficiency were also significantly increased by 24. 1%,27. 1%,33. 9% and 31. 9%,respectively. Total nitrogen accumulation of 80% UAN treatment was 22. 0% higher than 100% urea treatment,and nitrogen uptake efficiency,nitrogen recovery efficiency,agronomic nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer productive efficiency were also significantly increased by 52. 2%,55. 5%,21. 8% and 22. 0%,respectively. The80% UAN treatment with AOS added further raised nitrogen harvest index and other nitrogen utilization related indicators as compared to 80% UAN treatment. The nitrogen contents of the 80% UAN treatment with nano Mg( OH)2 added were significantly increased,with the increase amplitude of 40. 7% and16. 3% in shoot at the flowering stage and mature stage,but the changes of other indicators were relatively smaller. In conclusion,the application effects of UAN on wheat were better than urea,for saving fertilizers and increasing revenue.
