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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 福建菜田氮、磷积累状况及其淋失潜力研究 植物营养与肥料学报 2014,20 (1) 148-155
Position: Home > Articles > N and P accumulation status and their leaching potential in vegetable fields in Fujian Province Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers 2014,20 (1) 148-155

福建菜田氮、磷积累状况及其淋失潜力研究

作  者：
章明清;姚宝全;李娟;孔庆波
单  位：
福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所;福建省农田建设与土壤肥料技术站
关键词：
菜田;硝态氮;Olsen-P;积累;淋失
摘  要：
本文通过采集460个福建菜田代表性耕层土样,采用土壤测试和土柱渗漏水模拟试验的方法研究菜田土壤硝态氮和Olsen-P含量状况和淋失临界指标及其淋失潜力。结果表明,耕层土壤硝态氮含量为47.4±55.5 mg/kg,Olsen-P含量则为61.7±43.2 mg/kg,其中瓜果类蔬菜种植地土壤硝态氮和Olsen-P含量明显高于叶菜类和根茎类蔬菜种植地。应用双速率转折点建模法,得到氮、磷淋失临界指标X0分别为土壤硝态氮76.3 mg/kg和Olsen-P42.8 mg/kg。淋失临界值相当于或略高于满足蔬菜营养的农学指标。当土壤硝态氮或Olsen-P含量低于X0时,随着其含量增加,渗漏水硝态氮或总磷浓度以线性方式缓慢增加,反之,则以非线性形式急剧增大。土壤硝态氮和Olsen-P含量高于其X0的土样数分别占17.9%和81.3%,表明这些样点具有较高的氮、磷淋失潜力,是氮、磷污染控制的关键地块。瓜果类菜田土壤硝态氮和Olsen-P含量高于其X0的土样数分别占到32.3%和96.3%,淋失潜力明显高于叶菜类和根茎类菜田,是氮、磷污染控制的优先区域。
译  名：
N and P accumulation status and their leaching potential in vegetable fields in Fujian Province
作  者：
ZHANG Ming-qing;YAO Bao-quan;LI Juan;KONG Qing-bo;Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science;Fujian Cropland Construction and Soil and Fertilizer Station;
关键词：
vegetable fields;;NO-3-N;;Olsen-P;;accumulation;;leaching loss
摘  要：
Soil tests and leakage water simulation experiment using earth pillar were used to study NO-3-N and Olsen-P content and their leaching in 460 vegetable field samples,which were collected from the topsoil of typical vegetable fields in Fujian province. Soil test results show that the NO-3-N and Olsen-P contents in the top soils were averaged 47. 4 ± 55. 5 mg / kg and 61. 7 ± 43. 2 mg / kg respectively. Thereinto,the NO-3-N and Olsen-P content in the fields growing melon and fruit vegetables was apparently higher than those in the fields growing leaf and tuber vegetables. Calculated with the double-velocity turning point model,the critical index of double-velocity turning point X 0 of N and P leaching is 76. 3 mg / kg for NO-3-N and 42. 8 mg / kg for Olsen-P,which is equivalent or a bit higher than the agricultural indices for the satisfactory vegetable nutrition. When the NO-3-N or Olsen-P contents in soil were lower than their X 0,the NO-3-N or total-P concentration in leaching water increases slowly in a linear way,when the NO-3-N or Olsen-P contents in soil exceeds its X 0, the NO-3-N or total-P would increases rapidly in non-linear way. There are 17. 9% and 81. 3% of soil samples with their NO-3-N and Olsen-P content exceeded their X 0 respectively,indicating the high N and P leaching potential. In the melon and fruit vegetable fields,in about 32. 3% and 96. 3% of soil samples the NO-3-N and Olsen-P contents exceeded their X 0 respectively, indicating their N and P leaching potential were apparently higher than the leaf vegetable and tubers vegetablefields. More attention should be taken on the melon and fruit vegetable fields to control N and P pollution.

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