作 者：
黄孟雨;刘志超;谢新鑫;李来一;迟会;牛晓玲;渠鹏正;夏玥琳;袁潜华
关键词：
山栏稻;源库流特性;茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物
摘 要：
【目的】探索不同栽培模式下山栏稻源库流的变化及其对产量的影响,为山栏稻的高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以山栏稻山川24为试验材料,以传统旱作为对照,设普通水作、水作覆膜、水旱交替和水旱覆膜4种水旱栽培处理,测定其主要生育期剑叶的叶绿素含量、光合特性、茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物含量、产量及产量构成要素等指标,并于抽穗后10 d取样观察穗颈的横切解剖结构。【结果】与传统旱作相比,普通水作、水作覆膜、水旱交替和水旱覆膜处理均可提高孕穗期叶绿素含量和山栏稻灌浆期剑叶的净光合速率,提高源合成有机物的能力;普通水作和水作覆膜处理的茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物转运量、转运率显著高于传统旱作(P<0.05,下同);水作覆膜、普通水作和水旱交替处理的穗颈直径显著大于传统旱作,分别提高34.44%、24.44%和22.78%;4种栽培方式均可显著提高山栏稻的实际产量、每穴有效穗和库容量,库容量表现为水作覆膜>普通水作>水旱覆膜>水旱交替>传统旱作。【结论】与传统旱作相比,不同水旱栽培方式均可通过增加源库流的协调互作性来提高山栏稻产量,其中水作覆膜处理的穗颈结构相对较优,符合源足、流畅和库大的要求,实际产量最高,是较适合山栏稻山川24推广种植的栽培方式。
译 名：
Effects of different flooding and drying cultivation methods on characteristics of source,sink and flow of Shanlan upland rice
作 者：
HUANG Meng-yu;LIU Zhi-chao;XIE Xin-xin;LI Lai-yi;CHI Hui;NIU Xiao-ling;QU Peng-zheng;XIA Yue-lin;YUAN Qian-hua;College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University;
关键词：
Shanlan upland rice;;characteristics of source,sink and flow;;non-structural carbohydrate of stem and sheath
摘 要：
【Objective】To explore the variation of source,sink and flow of Shanlan upland rice under different cultivation modes and its influence on yield,providing theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation of Shanlan upland rice.【Method】Shanchuan 24,a variety of Shanlan upland rice,was used as test material,drying cultivation was CK,four treatments were set up:ordinary flooding cultivation,film-mulching flooding cultivation,alternate flooding and drying irrigation,film-mulching alternate flooding and drying irrigation. The chlorophyll content,photosynthetic characteristics,nonstructural carbohydrate transport characteristics of the stem and sheath,yield and yield components were measured during the main growth period,and sampling 10 d after heading to observe the cross-sectional anatomical structure of the panicle neck.【Result】The results showed that compared with the traditional drying cultivation,applying the cultivation methods of ordinary flooding cultivation,film-mulching flooding cultivation,alternate flooding and drying irrigation,film-mulching alternate flooding and drying irrigation could increase chlorophyll content at heading stage and net photosynthetic rate at pustulation stage,and improve the ability of the source to synthesize organic matter(P<0.05,the same below). Under ordinary flooding cultivation and film-mulching flooding cultivation,the translocation volume and translocation rate of non-structural carbohydrate in the stem and sheath were significantly larger than those under traditional drying cultivation.Under ordinary flooding cultivation,film-mulching flooding cultivation and film-mulching alternate flooding and drying irrigation,the diameters of panicle necks significantly larger than that in traditional drying cultivation,which increased by 34.44%,24.44% and 22.78%,respectively. The four cultivation methods significantly increased the actual yield,the effective spikes per hill and sink capacity. The sequence of total sink capacity under four cultivation methods from large to small was film-mulching flooding cultivation>ordinary flooding cultivation>film-mulching alternate flooding and drying irrigation>alternate flooding and drying irrigation>traditional drying cultivation.【Conclusion】Compared with the traditional drying cultivation,applying the different flooding and drying cultivation methods can increase the yield of Shanlan upland rice by increasing the coordination and interaction of source,sink and flow,the structure of panicle neck treated by film-mulching flooding cultivation is good and conformed to the requirements of sufficient source,fluent and large storage,and the actual yield is the highest,which is more suitable for the cultivation of Shanchuan 24.
