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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 稻麦轮作田改为保护地菜田土壤肥力质量的演变 植物营养与肥料学报 2003,9 (1) 19-25
Position: Home > Articles > Soil fertility quality evolution after land use change from rice-wheat rotation to plastic film covered vegetable Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers 2003,9 (1) 19-25

稻麦轮作田改为保护地菜田土壤肥力质量的演变

作  者：
黄锦法;曹志洪;李艾芬;张蚕生
单  位：
浙江省嘉兴市土壤肥料工作站;浙江省嘉兴市农业科学院;中国科学院土壤研究所;浙江省嘉兴市秀城区农作物管理站
关键词：
蔬菜保护地;肥力质量;酸化;次生盐积化;养分非均衡化
摘  要：
野外调查与室内分析表明,位于长江三角洲嘉兴市的稻麦轮作田改为多年连作的蔬菜保护地后,土壤肥力质量已出现明显的酸化、次生盐积化、"富营养化"和非均衡化(氮磷超负荷累积和中微量元素缺乏)等演变趋势。与第二次土壤普查时的同类蔬菜地土壤相比,或与仍是稻麦(油)轮作的三类代表性水稻土相比,153个蔬菜保护地土壤样品pH平均下降约0 9单位。囊水型水稻土和爽水型水稻土大棚保护地的土壤pH下降严重,而漏水型水稻土大棚保护地只略有下降。84个蔬菜保护地土壤样品的可溶性盐平均为2 81g/kg,其中>3 0g/kg占36 2%。囊水型土壤含盐量最高,达3 71g/kg,爽水型土壤与漏水型土壤分别为2 67和2 54g/kg。土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾均有大幅增加,尤其是速效磷超负荷累积:硝态氮(N)>300mg/kg占调查样品的30 8%,速效磷(P)达90mg/kg以上。但中微量元素相对不足,缺钙、缺锌、缺硼等生理缺素病害时有发生。调查证明,蔬菜保护地土壤肥力质量急剧变化与过量施肥及多年大棚蔬菜连作有关。因此,退化土壤的修复必须从建立科学的平衡施肥制度和合理的轮作倒茬体系着手。
译  名：
Soil fertility quality evolution after land use change from rice-wheat rotation to plastic film covered vegetable
作  者：
HUANG Jinfa1, CAO Zhihong2, LI Anfen3,ZHANG Cansheng4(1 Soil and Fertilizer Extension Station, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China; 2 Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing 210008,China;3 Crop Management Station, Xiucheng Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China; 4 Agricultural Science Institute, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314016, China)
关键词：
plastic film covered vegetable land; soil fertility quality; acidification; second salinization; nutrient over-accumulation.
摘  要：
A field survey was conducted in Jiaxing, Zhejiang province at Yangtze River Delta Results indicated that soil fertility quality had been changed dramatically after land use changing from ricewheat rotation to continuous vegetable cultivation and under plastic film covered condition in particular Average soil pH of 153 soil samples was 534, about 1 unit lower than the same vegetable soil 20 years ago Acidification varied with soil texture, ie heavy textured vegetable soil had most severe acidification (pH 528), medium textured soil with moderate decrease of soil pH (531), and light textured soil with least decrease of soil pH (614) As compared with the same type of paddy soils that was still under ricewheat rotation system, the soil pH had no significant change The average salt content was 281 g/kg for 84 soil samples, 362% of which contained over 30 g/kg of soluble salts The high soluble salt contents have caused severe damage to vegetable growth Again the heavier the soil texture, the higher the soluble salt content Overaccumulation of N, P and K has caused unbalanced nutrition supply There were about 31% samples with higher than 300 mg/kg NO-3\|N and average available P were higher than P2O5 90 mg/kg Very higher fertilization and the higher evaporation coupled with very low leaching under plastic film covered vegetable cultivation caused dramatic change of soil fertility quality This implies that remedy of this degraded soil needs balanced fertilization program and scientific land use management (crop rotation and changing plastic film covered to open field)

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