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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 珠江三角洲地区精养淡水鱼塘浮游植物功能群特征 中国水产科学 2018 (1) 124-136
Position: Home > Articles > Characteristics of phytoplankton functional groups of intensive-culturing fishponds in the Pearl River Delta Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 2018 (1) 124-136

珠江三角洲地区精养淡水鱼塘浮游植物功能群特征

作  者：
刘乾甫;赖子尼;高原;杨婉玲;王广军
单  位：
中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所
关键词：
珠江三角洲;养殖池塘;浮游植物功能群;多样性;频率分析;RDA
摘  要：
分别于养殖前期(5月)、中期(9月)和后期(12月),对珠江三角洲地区主养草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)、云斑尖塘鳢(Oxyeleotris marmoratus)和乌鳢(Channa argus)4个品种池塘中的浮游植物功能群进行研究。结果表明,采样池塘浮游植物丰度、物种多样性指数较高,密度均值达1.32×10~8 cell/L,最大值为3.00×10~8 cell/L,生物量均值为168.17 mg/L,最大值为345.41 mg/L;共鉴定到196种(含变种变型)藻类,分属于绿藻(91种)、裸藻(40种)、硅藻(27种)、蓝藻(23种)、甲藻(7种)、隐藻(4种)、黄藻(3种)、金藻(1种)等8大藻门;采样池塘藻类可划分出A、B、C、D、F、G、G_2、H1、J、K、L_1、L_M、L_0、M、MP、N、P、S1、S2、T、T_D、W1、W2、W_S、X1、X2、X_(Ph)、Y等28个功能群;频率分析发现C、F、J、MP、N、P、W1、X2、Y、K、L0、M、W2等主要优势功能群在精养池塘中出现频率高,生物量比重大,说明池塘浮游植物群落稳定,整个养殖过程水体的生态功能比较单一;对环境因子与主要优势功能群进行冗余分析(RDA),得到池塘浮游植物功能群分布状况的首要影响因素是有机质含量(COD_(Mn)),其次为营养物质含量水平(TP和N:P),最后为水体物理环境,包括透明度(SD)、pH、溶解氧(DO)、总可溶性固体(TDS)和水温(WT)。研究发现,池塘水体浮游植物功能群数养殖中期多于前期和末期,并在养殖中期水体交换量大的大口黑鲈和云斑尖塘鳢池塘较为突出,表明在高密度精养池塘中,进行充足的水体交换是高温时期防控水质恶化的重要措施。基于传统的物种多样性指数方法,判定池塘水质状况为洁净,但以浮游植物功能群生境特征判定水体污染严重,且与水体理化环境测定结果和现场水体表观相符,说明功能群比多样性指数能更好地反应池塘水质的真实状况。
译  名：
Characteristics of phytoplankton functional groups of intensive-culturing fishponds in the Pearl River Delta
作  者：
LIU Qianfu;LAI Zini;GAO Yuan;YANG Wanling;WANG Guangjun;Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science;
关键词：
Pearl River Delta;;intensive-culturing fishponds;;phytoplankton functional groups(PFGs);;diversity;;frequency distribution analysis;;RDA
摘  要：
Studies on the phytoplankton functional group(PFG) composition of intensive-culturing fishponds were carried out in the Pearl River Delta during the initial, mid-, and late stages of the culture period. The results showed that high phytoplankton density, algal biomass and species abundance were observed in the sampling ponds. The average phytoplankton cell density was 1.32 ×10~8 cells/L, with a maximum of up to 3.00 ×10~8 cells/L. The average phytoplankton biomass was 168.17 mg/L, with a maximum of up to 345.41 mg/L. A total of 196 algal species, including a few varieties and forma, were distributed among the following 8 major taxonomic categories: Chlorophyta(91), Euglenophyta(40), Bacillariophyta(27), Cyanophyta(23), Dinophyta(7), Cryptophyta(4), Xanthophyta(3), and Chrysophyta(1). The algae in the sampling ponds were identified to the following 28 PFGs: A, B, C, D, F, G, G_2, H1, J, K, L1, LM, L_0, M, MP, N, P, S1, S2, T, T_D, W1, W2, W_S, X1, X2, X_(Ph), and Y. Frequency distribution analysis showed that C, F, J, MP, N, P, W1, X2, Y, K, L_0, M, and W2 were the dominant PFGs. These PFGs showed high biomass and occurrence frequency in the sampling ponds, which indicated that the phytoplankton community structure in the culturing ponds was in a stable state with simple ecological functions. Redundancy analysis between the environmental factors and the dominant PFGs showed that organic content was the primary affecting factor, followed by nutritive materials and their proportions(including TP and N : P). Least influential were physical parameters, including transparency, p H, dissolved oxygen, total dissolvable solids, and water temperature. On the basis of the traditional biodiversity evaluation standard, the water quality of the sampling ponds was clear, but the habitats of the dominant PFGs indicated that the water was heavily polluted, which was consistent with the results of the measured parameters and water appearance. In this study, we observed that the number of PFGs in the mid-stage of culture was greater than that in the initial or late stage. This pattern was obvious in the Micropterus salmoides pond and Oxyeleotris marmoratus pond, which underwent frequent water changes during the mid-stage. It was concluded that providing sufficient water changes could be an important measure for preventing water quality deterioration during the megathermal period. Furthermore, the results of the present study showed that compared with traditional biodiversity methods, the phytoplankton functional group concept could be successfully used to assess the real ecological status of phytoplankton in intensive-culturing fishponds, and also provides a method for analyzing pond ecosystems.

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