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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 不同秸秆覆盖量对春玉米田蓄水保墒及节水效益的影响 农业工程学报 2011,27 (1) 238-243
Position: Home > Articles > Effects of different straw mulch rates on soil water conservation and water-saving benefits in spring maize field Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering 2011,27 (1) 238-243

不同秸秆覆盖量对春玉米田蓄水保墒及节水效益的影响

作  者：
蔡太义;贾志宽;黄耀威;黄会娟;孟蕾
单  位：
西北农业大学;河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院;西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院;西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院河南省农业厅农业部规划设计研究院;河南省农业厅
关键词：
土壤水分;秸秆;覆盖量;春玉米;产量;节水效益;渭北旱原
摘  要：
为了探明不同秸秆覆盖量对渭北旱原春玉米田蓄水保墒及节水效益的影响,2007—2009年度在合阳旱农试验站设置3个水平玉米秸秆覆盖量:4500(S1)、9000(S2)和13500kg/hm2(S3),以不覆盖为对照(CK)。结果表明,S1、S2和S3处理2m土层2年(2008和2009)平均土壤贮水量,与CK相比,冬闲末分别高13.9、22.6和33.5mm;播种~拔节期分别高20.2、32.6和42.1mm;收获期分别高15.6、19.1和21.0mm。不同覆盖处理延缓了春玉米前期的生长,但加快了中后期的生长速度。S1、S2和S3处理2008年籽粒产量,较CK分别增产7.65%、16.19%和17.84%,增幅均达显著水平(P<0.05),2009年籽粒产量增长趋势和2008年相似,但前者整体低于后者。与CK相比,S1、S2和S3处理2年平均纯收益分别增加6.53%、16.89%和15.95%,同等产量节水率分别提高5.14%、8.35%和7.44%,节水效益分别增长50.07、81.31和72.30元/hm2。本研究表明,春玉米生育期降水量低于390mm时,9000kg/hm2秸秆覆盖量综合表现较优,是渭北旱原及同类生态区适宜的覆盖量。
译  名：
Effects of different straw mulch rates on soil water conservation and water-saving benefits in spring maize field
作  者：
Cai Taiyi1,2,Jia Zhikuan1※,Huang Yaowei3,Huang Huijuan2,Meng Lei4,Yang Baoping1,Li Han1(1.The Chinese Research Institute of Water-saving Agriculture,Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Yangling 712100,China;2.School of surveying and land infomation engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China;3.The Agriculture Department of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450000,China;4.Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering,Beijing 100026,China)
关键词：
soil moisture,straw,mulch rates,spring maize,yield,water-saving benefit,Weibei Highland area
摘  要：
A field experiment(2007-2009) was conducted at the Heyang Dryland Farming Experimental Station in Shaanxi Province of China to determine the effects of straw mulch rates on soil moisture conservation and water-saving benefits of spring maize field.Maize straw at rates of 0(CK),4 500(S1),9 000(S2) and 13 500 kg/hm2(S3) was placed on field plots.The results showed that 2-year average soil water storage in 0-200 cm soil layers during of S1,S2 and S3 were 13.9,22.6 and 33.5 mm,respectively,higher than that of CK at the end of winter fallow,and which were 20.2,32.6 and 42.1 mm during Sowing and Jointing periods,and which were 15.6,19.1and 21.0 mm.All treatments with straw mulch delayed the development of maize,however,accelerated the speed of growth from the late-mid period.Grain yield of S1,S2,S3 were 7.65%,16.19% and 17.84% respectively,significantly(P<0.05) higher than that of CK in 2008,and which were similar to in 2009,while the latter overall less than the former.Comparing with CK,2-year average net return of S1,S2,S3 increased by 6.53%,16.89% and 15.95% respectively,and water-saving rates of unit grain produce increased by 5.14%,8.35% and 7.44% respectively,and water-saving benefits increased by 50.07,81.31 and 72.30 yuan/hm2,respectively.Results of this study indicated that synthetically performance of S2,with 9 000 kg/hm2 of straw mulch,was better than other treatments,which is preferable for Weibei highland area in China and similar ecological region,as the precipitation was below than 390 mm during the spring maize growing season.

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