CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑系统研究进展
作 者：
孙伟;刘杉杉
关键词：
规律成簇间隔短回文重复序列;真核生物;原核生物;基因编辑
摘 要：
由规律成簇间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR)和CRISPR相关蛋白(CRISPR-associated protein)组成的CRISPR-Cas系统是细菌一种重要的获得性免疫系统.经改造的CRISPR-Cas9系统可在真核生物和原核生物、病毒等基因组内实现目的基因的插入、缺失.尽管由于受到单链引导RNA(single guide RNA,sgRNA)识别序列具有特异性的限制,同时一些物种基因结构存在复杂性和特异性,在基因编辑过程中会出现脱靶现象,在一定程度上限制了CRISPR-Cas9系统更加广泛的应用.但是,CRISPR-Cas9系统已经展现出很强的基因编辑能力,提升科研人员基因编辑的能力,是一项极具有应用潜质的新技术.论文主要阐述了CRISPR-Cas9系统结构、组成、设计策略和应用等方面研究进展,为相关科学的研究提供参考.
作 者：
SUN Wei;LIU Shan-shan;College of Agriculture,Tongren Polytechnic College;National and Local Engineering Research Centre for Separation and Purification Ethnic Chinese Veterinary Herbs,Tongren Polytechnic College;
单 位：
SUN Wei%LIU Shan-shan%College of Agriculture,Tongren Polytechnic College%National and Local Engineering Research Centre for Separation and Purification Ethnic Chinese Veterinary Herbs,Tongren Polytechnic College
关键词：
clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats;;prokaryote;;eukaryote;;gene editing
摘 要：
The CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas(CRISPR associated protein)system is an important adaptive immune system in microbiology.The type ⅡCRISPR-Cas9 system,which is best characterized,is applied in many biology including the prokaryote,eukaryote and virus.Although there are the limitations of sgRNA(single guide RNA)specificity and genome complexity of some species,and off-target problems in application,CRISPR-Cas9 system is still a promising tool in gene editing.Herein,we reviewed the components and applications of CRISPR-Cas9 in order to provide a theoretical basis for further understanding it.
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