单 位：
河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所
摘 要：
分别对冬小麦和夏玉米进行了不同田间集雨措施的试验研究。结果表明,起垄可使垄背土壤变得疏松,孔隙度增大,有利于土壤通气透水,增加土壤水库容。这有利于作物根系生长,增强抗倒伏能力,并可以减少地表径流使表土土壤结构体免遭破坏。因土壤贮水能力增加、地形对降水的再分配、土壤水的运移及蒸发强度的不同,使更多水分可以被作物利用。秸秆覆盖也可以缓冲雨滴的冲击力而减弱对土壤结构体的破坏,并且可以减少土壤水的蒸发损失。冬小麦生育期由于降水较少且强度不大,田间地形对降水的再分配效果不明显;而在没有覆盖措施的情况下因加快了土壤水分的蒸发,会降低冬小麦降水利用率。垄沟种植对夏玉米有明显的增产效应,而覆盖的效应相对较小。
译 名：
The Research on the Application of Field Precipitation Collecting Measures in Dry Farming
作 者：
SHI Fu-gang,WU Ji-cheng,YANG Yong-hui(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
关键词：
Field precipitation collection;Dry farming;Sowing in furrows;Soil water
摘 要：
The effect of different field precipitation collecting measures on winter wheat and corn was studied.Results indicated that furrowing can make the soil of the ridge looser and soil porosity larger,so favoring the aeration and water permeability of soil,enlarging the storage capacity of soil water.This favors root growth of crops,enhances standing power,and reduces surface runoffs so that the surface ped avoid being destroyed.Because of enhanced water storing capacity,the reallocation of precipitation by terrain,the transport and the different evaporation intensity of soil water,more water could be available for crop use.Straw coverage can weaken the wallop of raindrops and keep the surface ped from being destroyed;it also cut down the evaporation loss of soil water.The reallocation effect of precipitation by terrain was not evident in the winter wheat test,because precipitation during the growing period of winter wheat was less and not intense;while it reduced the precipitation utilization ratio of winter wheat when with no coverage measures,because it increased the evaporation of soil water.Sowing in furrows had an obvious effect in increasing corn production,while the effect of straw coverage was relatively weak.
