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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 生物结皮中人工培养藻株与野生藻株的形态学差异 干旱区研究 2015,32 (6) 1213-1219
Position: Home > Articles > Morphological Variation between Artificially Cultured Cyanobacteria Strain and Natural Cyanobacteria Strain in Microbiotic Soil Crusts Arid Zone Research 2015,32 (6) 1213-1219

生物结皮中人工培养藻株与野生藻株的形态学差异

作  者：
张丙昌;苏淼;龚健
单  位：
中国科学院干旱区生物资源与生物地理重点实验室
关键词：
生物结皮;野生藻株;人工培养藻株;形态学差异;古尔班通古特沙漠
摘  要：
以古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮中的优势蓝藻为研究对象,对比研究实验室内培养藻株与野生藻株形态结构变化。结果发现:蓝藻人工培养藻株与野生藻株存在显著的形态学差异,人工培养藻株的胶被厚度和细胞壁厚度明显低于野生藻株,其中,具鞘微鞘藻(Microcoleus vaginatus)、普通念珠藻(Nostoc commune)和单岐藻(Tolypothrix sp.)培养藻株的胶鞘厚度比野生藻株降低了43.8%、53.1%和16.5%。培养条件下的具鞘微鞘藻细胞长和宽分别比野生藻株降低了23.7%和9.4%;眼点伪枝藻(Scytonema ocellatum)和单岐藻在培养条件下,细胞明显比野生物种大,其细胞长度比野生藻种增加了42%和60%。几种固氮蓝藻在人工培养条件下,其异形胞明显比野生藻株小,异形胞长和宽比野生藻株降低20%~40%。具鞘微鞘藻、眼点伪枝藻和单岐藻在自然环境和营养匮乏的培养基中,细胞内均具有较多的颗粒体;在营养丰富的培养基中,细胞内颗粒体数量多呈明显的下降趋势。蓝藻这些形态指标的改变是对不同生长环境的形态学适应,它们在人工培养条件下引起的形态变化将影响其生理功能,如固氮功能、光合作用、水分利用等,而这些生理功能的改变最终将引起其耐旱能力的减弱。
译  名：
Morphological Variation between Artificially Cultured Cyanobacteria Strain and Natural Cyanobacteria Strain in Microbiotic Soil Crusts
作  者：
ZHANG Bing-chang;SU Miao;GONG Jian;Key Laboratory Biological of Resources and Geography in Arid Areas,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences;College of Life Science and Technology,Xinjiang University;
关键词：
microbiotic crust;;natural cyanobacteria strain;;artificially cultured cyanobacteria strain;;morphological difference;;Gurbantunggut Desert
摘  要：
Cyanobacteria are an important component in microbiotic crusts and play critical roles in desert ecology. In order to understand the difference between artificially cultured cyanobacteria strain and natural cyanobacteria strain,the morphological variation of four dominant cyanobacteria in microbiotic crusts were explored. The study can offer theoretical supports to make use of artificially cultured cyanobacteria for ecological restoration. Morphological traits,including cell size,sheath,heterocyst and granule,of natural strains and artificially cultured cyanobacteria strains were observed and photos were taken using digital microscope. The differences for the same morphological trait were analyzed. Significant differences were observed for the investigated morphological traits between artificial cultured and natural cyanobacteria strains. Sheath depth and cell wall depth of artificial cultured cyanobacteria strains were significantly lower than those of natural strains. Sheath depth of cultured strains of Microcoleus vaginatus,Nostoc commune,and Tolypothrix sp. decreased by 43. 8%,53. 1% and 16. 5% as compared to those of natural strains,respectively. Cell length and width of M. vaginatus decreased by 23. 7% and 9. 4% in culture. However,cell size of Scytonema ocellatum and Tolypothrix sp. in culture was bigger than that of natural strains. Cell length of cultured strains increased by 42%,60% compared to natural strains. Heterocysts of N-fixing cyanobacteria in culture were 20%-40% smaller in length and width than those of natural strains. For M. vaginatus,S. ocellatum and Tolypothrix sp.,cells contained more granules in natural environment or poor-nutrient medium,however,number of granules decreased profoundly in cells when they grow in nutrient-rich medium. Changes of these morphological traits for cyanobacteria were morphological adaptation in different environmental conditions. These morphological changes in culture have effects on their physiological functions,such as N-fixing,photosynthesis and water utilization etc. Variation of physiological function may result in decreases in drought-resistance.

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