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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 长白山自然保护区水獭种群数量变动与资源保护 水生态学杂志 2011,32 (2) 115-120
Position: Home > Articles > Population Fluctuation and Resource Protection of Otter(Lutra lutra) in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve Journal of Hydroecology 2011,32 (2) 115-120

长白山自然保护区水獭种群数量变动与资源保护

作  者：
朴正吉;睢亚橙;王群;李卓;牛丽君
单  位：
长白山科学研究院动物所
关键词：
长白山;水獭;种群数量变动;栖息地
摘  要：
1980-2010年,对长白山自然保护区3条主要河流的水獭种群数量和栖息地食物资源进行了长期监测;2006-2008年冬季采用路线直接计数法对18条河流进行野外定点调查;2004-2010年5-8月对头道白河流域的水獭活动情况进行了定点全天观察;2006-2008年冬季对水獭栖息地8条河流的无冰水面进行了调查。结果表明,长白山自然保护区及其周边水域水獭种群数量从1990年开始显著下降,到2010年其种群数量比1975年下降了99.3%;2006-2008年冬季和2004-2010年5-8月的定点观察都没有发现水獭活动,水獭种群基本处于区域性消失状态。水獭种群数量的变化与河流中水生动物生物量的变化有显著的关系(n=8,r=0.977,P<0.01)。由于过渡捕捞、使用农药和筑坝等人类活动影响,鱼类数量减少,许多种类已经消失,致使水獭的食物严重不足;当地大量使用含有机氯和多氯联苯等成分的杀虫剂和除草剂,导致河流被污染,水生动物生物量急剧下降,这与水獭种群数量锐减关系密切;水獭栖息地冬季的河流无冰水面因修建电站、建设河坝和修引水渠等人类活动而呈逐年减少的趋势,一定程度上影响了水獭的取食活动。
译  名：
Population Fluctuation and Resource Protection of Otter(Lutra lutra) in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve
作  者：
PIAO Zheng-ji,SUI Ya-cheng,Wang Qun,Li Zhuo,Niu Li-jun(Animal Institute of Changbaishan Academy of Sciences,Antu 133613,China)
关键词：
Changbai Mountain;otter(Lutra lutra);population fluctuation;habitat
摘  要：
The population,habitat and food status of otter in three main rivers in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve were monitored from 1980 to 2010 with the methods of field route survey(investigating along river bank) and fixed spot investigation;The population of otter in 18 rivers and habitat(non frozen river surface) in 8 rivers in winters were investigated from 2006 to 2008;fixed spot investigation in Toudaobaihe was carried in May to July in 2004-2010.The results indicated that the population of otter had been decreased significantly in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve and surrounding rivers since 1990,and was decreased 99.3 percent in 2010 compared to 1975.There were no otter found in 2006-2008 winter and in May to July in 2004-2010,which indicated that otter regional disappear in Changbai Mountain area.The population variety of otter was significantly correlated to aquatic biomass variety(n=8,r=0.977,P<0.01).Because of several negative influences of human activities,such as overfishing,pesticide utilizing,dam construction,etc,leading to food shortage,the population of otter decreased dramatically and even locally depopulation occured.Especially,river pollution resulting from excessively using insecticide and herbicide may be the key factor for the population decrease of otter.The habitat(non frozen river surface) of otter was decreased due to human disturbance year by year,which influenced the feeding of otter to a certain extent.

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