关键词：
苹果园土壤;氨挥发;秸秆;生物质炭;土壤无机氮
摘 要：
大田条件下,采用磷酸甘油-双层海绵通气法,监测了玉米秸秆两种不同利用方式(直接施用和制成生物质炭施用)下土壤无机氮含量和氨挥发速率的变化,研究了两种碳源对土壤氨挥发的影响。试验共设4个处理,分别为CK(N0)、N(N 250kg/hm2)、N+S(N 250kg/hm2+生物秸秆)和N+B(N 250kg/hm2+生物质炭)。结果表明:不同处理间氨挥发速率存在显著差异,施氮处理(N,N+S和N+B)的氨挥发速率均显著高于对照(CK)处理,氨挥发速率随着施肥后时间的推移迅速增大,均在施肥后第3天达到峰值,然后逐渐下降,呈"低-高-低"的单峰曲线。各施氮处理氨挥发峰值大小存在显著差异,N处理最大,为2.37kg/(hm2·d),其次是N+S处理,为1.65kg/(hm2·d),N+B处理最低,仅为1.32kg/(hm2·d),N处理分别是N+S和N+B处理的1.44,1.80倍。0—10cm土层土壤铵态氮浓度的变化趋势与氨挥发速率的变化趋势一致,与氨挥发速率呈极显著正相关,但各处理间土壤铵态氮含量的峰值存在显著差异,N处理最大,N+S处理次之,N+B处理最小。去掉CK本底值后,氨挥发损失量以N处理最大,为15.29kg/hm2,占施氮量的6.12%;N+S处理次之,为9.32kg/hm2和3.73%;N+B处理最低,仅为6.01kg/hm2和2.40%。因此,添加外源碳显著降低了氨挥发损失,以添加生物质炭效果最好。
译 名：
Effect of Exogenous Carbon on Inorganic Nitrogen and Ammonia Volatilization in Apple Orchard Soil
作 者：
GE Shunfeng;ZHU Zhanling;CHEN Qian;WEI Shaochong;JIANG Yuanmao;State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University;
单 位：
State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University
关键词：
apple orchard soil;;ammonia volatilization;;straw;;biochar;;soil inorganic nitrogen
摘 要：
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of straw and biochar on ammonia volatilization and inorganic nitrogen content of the apple orchard soil using glycerolphosphate double layer sponge ventilation method.This experiment included four treatments,which were CK(N0),N(applied urea 250 kg/hm2),N+S(applied urea 250 kg/hm2+straw)and N+B(applied urea 250 kg/hm2+biochar).The results showed that there were significant differences in ammonia volatilization rate and losses amount among different treatments.Ammonia volatilization rate of the three treatments applied with urea(N,N+S and N+B)were significant higher than that of control(CK)treatment,and it increased quickly after fertilization,and the peak value of it appeared on the third day after applying nitrogen fertilizer,and then gradually declined.There were significant differences in the peak value of ammonia volatilization rate among different treatments,and the maximum peak value of it appeared in N treatment,which was 2.37 kg/(hm2·d),followed by N+S treatment(1.65 kg/(hm2·d)),and then N+B treatment(1.32 kg/(hm2·d)),and the peak value of ammonia volatilization rate of N treatment was 1.44 and 1.80 times of N + S treatment and N + B treatment,respectively.The variation trends of soil ammonium nitrogen content in 0—10 cm soil layer were consisted with those of ammonia volatilization rate,and there was a significant positive correlation between these two parameters.The peak value of ammonium nitrogen content was different significantly among the four treatments,the maximum peak value of it was found in N treatment,followed by N+S treatment,and the value of N+B treatment was the lowest.After removing background value of the CK,the maximum ammonia volatilizationloss occurred in N treatment,which reached to 15.29 kg/hm2 and accounted for 6.12% of the total amount of nitrogen applied,and the above two values of N+S treatment and N+B treatment were 9.32 kg/hm2 and3.73%,and 6.01 kg/hm2 and 2.40%,respectively.Therefore,adding straw and biochar could significantly reduce the nitrogen loss through ammonia volatilization,and adding biochar could get the best effect.
