作 者：
张效星;樊毅;崔宁博;李晨;胡笑涛;龚道枝
单 位：
四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室/水利水电学院
关键词：
滴灌;不同灌水量;猕猴桃;光合特性;产量;产量水分利用效率
摘 要：
【目的】揭示不同灌水量对滴灌猕猴桃生长、产量及水分利用效率的调控效应。【方法】以7 a生"金艳"猕猴桃为试材,在果实膨大期(Ⅲ期)、果实成熟期(Ⅳ期)各设置1个对照(CK)和4个灌水处理,即高水(HW)、中水(MW-1)、偏低水(MW-2)和低水处理(LW),灌水量分别为CK的55%、65%、75%和85%。【结果】猕猴桃叶片光合特性因生育期和灌水量的不同而呈现明显差异,其光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(gs)均随灌水量的减小而减小,但Ⅲ-HW、Ⅳ-HW处理的Pn与CK差异不显著(P>0.05),Ⅲ-HW和Ⅳ-MW-2处理的瞬时水分利用效率较CK分别显著提高了2.70%、5.41%(P<0.05);各处理猕猴桃产量较CK仅下降0.09%～6.24%,产量水分利用效率(WUEy)则提高了2.82%～23.16%,其中Ⅲ-HW、Ⅳ-MW-1处理产量仅下降了0.09%、2.45%,而WUEy提高了2.82%、10.73%。【结论】滴灌猕猴桃果实膨大期高水处理、果实成熟期中水处理保持产量无明显下降,有效提高WUEy,并节水2.50%、11.62%(分别节水156、726 m3/hm~2),具有较好的节水稳产效果。
译 名：
The Effects of Drip-irrigation Amount on Photosynthesis,Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Kiwifruit
作 者：
ZHANG Xiaoxing;FAN Yi;CUI Ningbo;LI Chen;HU Xiaotao;GONG Daozhi;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering & College of Water Resource and Hydropower,Sichuan University;Sichuan Provincial Water Conservancy Research Institute;Provincial Key Laboratory of Water-saving Agriculture in Hill Areas of Southern China;Integrated Management Center,Changjiang Water Resources of Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University/Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China;State Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Water Use and Disaster Loss Reduction of Crops, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science;
单 位：
ZHANG Xiaoxing%FAN Yi%CUI Ningbo%LI Chen%HU Xiaotao%GONG Daozhi%State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering & College of Water Resource and Hydropower,Sichuan University%Sichuan Provincial Water Conservancy Research Institute%Provincial Key Laboratory of Water-saving Agriculture in Hill Areas of Southern China%Integrated Management Center,Changjiang Water Resources of Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources%Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University/Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China%State Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Water Use and Disaster Loss Reduction of Crops, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science
关键词：
drip irrigation;;irrigation amount;;kiwifruit;;photosynthetic traits;;yield;;water use efficiency of yield
摘 要：
【Objective】This paper aims to provide a drip irrigation schedule during fruit expansion(Ⅲ) and fruit maturity stage(IV) of a seven-year old Jin Yan kiwi, based on the effects of irrigation amount during the two stages on photosynthesis, grain yield and water use efficiency of the kiwi.【Method】The field experiment examined five irrigation amounts: sufficient irrigation(CK), high irrigation using 85% of water used in CK(HW), middle irrigation using 75% of water used in CK(MW-1), moderate irrigation using 65% of water used in CK(MW-2),and low irrigation using 55% of water used in CK(LW).【Result】Deficit irrigation had a significant impact on photosynthesis, with the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance all decreasing as water deficiency increased. The instant water use efficiency under water deficiency was-4.83% to 14.05% higher than that under CK, and the photosynthetic rate under Ⅲ+HW and Ⅳ+HW treatment was not significantly lower than that under CK(P>0.05), being 5.09 μmol/(m2· s) and 5.99 μmol/(m2· s) respectively. The yield under water deficit irrigation was 11 066.7～10 385.6 kg/hm~2, only 0.09%～6.24% lower than that under CK but increasing water use efficiency by 2.82%～23.16%. The water deficiency in III+HW and IV+MW-1 reduced the yield by 0.09% and2.45% respectively, with their associated water use efficiency increasing by 2.82% and 10.73% respectively.【Conclusion】Overall, high irrigation amount during fruit expansion stage coupled with a moderate irrigation amount during the fruit maturity stage can considerably improve water use efficiency, saving 2.50% to 11.62% of water, with only a slight compromise in yield, compared to the CK. It is therefore the most water-saving effective schedule to drip-irrigate the kiwi in the studied region.
