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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 麦季施磷量对小麦-玉米轮作产量及土壤有效磷的影响 麦类作物学报 2024,44 (2) 185-194
Position: Home > Articles > Effects of Phosphorus Application Rates in Wheat Season on Wheat-Maize Rotation Yield and Available Phosphorus in Soil Journal of Triticeae Crops 2024,44 (2) 185-194

麦季施磷量对小麦-玉米轮作产量及土壤有效磷的影响

作  者：
陈丽;寇心悦;党亚爱;牛一楠;包书尚;沈玉芳
单  位：
;西北农林科技大学资源环境学院
关键词：
施磷量;小麦-玉米轮作;产量;养分;土壤有效磷
摘  要：
为提高陕西关中地区小麦-玉米轮作体系磷素利用率和节本增效,以及筛选合理的磷肥施用方式,于 2018-2021 年进行连续 3 年的仅小麦季一次施磷的田间定位试验,通过设置 0、75、150、225 和 300 kg·hm-2 5 个施磷(P2O5)水平,分析了麦季施磷量对小麦-玉米轮作产量、生物量、植株磷积累转运及土壤有效磷含量的影响.结果表明,与不施磷处理相比,施磷处理下小麦和小麦-玉米周年籽粒产量分别提高 29.38%~40.95%和 15.72%~24.57%,成熟期生物产量分别提高 18.56%~34.19%和 12.84%~23.29%,花前干物质转运量分别提高 31.65%~63.33%和 27.79%~52.47%,成熟期磷积累量分别提高 37.08%~54.67%和39.54%~44.38%,磷素转运量分别提高 90.82%~165.63%和 44.06%~58.27%.通过进一步回归分析发现,实现小麦季和小麦-玉米周年最高产量的施磷量分别为 207 和 201 kg·hm-2;若综合考虑粮食安全、环境安全和肥料利用率,以 95%的小麦最高产量为实际目标,小麦季施磷量仅为 130 kg·hm-2,两个最高产量的施磷量分别降低 37.20%和 35.32%,磷肥利用率分别提高 2.27 和 2.87 个百分点,小麦成熟期和玉米成熟期土壤有效磷含量分别为 17.96 和 12.31 mg·kg-1.因此,陕西省关中小麦-玉米轮作区麦季一次施用磷肥可实现小麦和小麦玉米周年高产稳产,本试验条件下 130 kg·hm-2 为满足较高的轮作产量和磷肥利用率的适宜麦季施磷水平.
译  名：
Effects of Phosphorus Application Rates in Wheat Season on Wheat-Maize Rotation Yield and Available Phosphorus in Soil
关键词：
Phosphorus application%Wheat-maize rotation%Yield%nutrient%Soil available phosphorus
摘  要：
In order to improve the phosphorus utilization efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the wheat maize rotation system in the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi Province,and to screen reasonable phos-phorus fertilizer application methods,a field positioning experiment with only one phosphorus appli-cation in the wheat season was conducted from 2018 to 2021 for three consecutive years.Five phos-phorus(P2 O5)application levels(0,75,150,225 and 300 kg·hm-2)were set to analyze the effects of phosphorus application rate on grain yield,biomass,plant phosphorus accumulation and transport,and soil available phosphorus content of wheat-maize rotation were analyzed.The results showed that compared with non-phosphorus treatment,phosphorus application could increase wheat yield and an-nual wheat-maize yield by 29.38%-40.95%and 15.72%-24.57%,respectively;the dry matter ac-cumulation increased by 18.56%-34.19%and 12.84%-23.29%,respectively;the dry matter translocation increased by 31.65%-63.33%and 27.79%-52.47%,respectively;the phosphorus accumulation increased by 37.08%-54.67%and 39.54%-44.38%,respectively;and the phosphor-us translocation increased by 90.82%-165.63%and 44.06%-58.27%,respectively.Regression a-nalysis showed that the phosphorus application rate for wheat and wheat-maize to reach the maximum yield was 207 and 201 kg·hm-2,respectively.Considering the food security,environmental security and fertilizer utilization efficiency,the production practice takes 95%of the maximum yield of wheat as the actual target.Only 130 kg·hm-2 of phosphorus is applied in the wheat season,the phosphorus application rate in the wheat season and the annual wheat-maize season will be reduced by 37.20%and 35.32%respectively,the phosphorus utilization rate in the wheat season and the annual wheat-maize season will be increased by 2.27 and 2.87 percentage points,respectively,and the effective phosphor-us content in the soil at the wheat and maize maturity stages will be 17.96 and 12.31 mg·kg-1,re-spectively.Therefore,the one-time application of phosphorus fertilizer in the wheat-maize rotation ar-ea of Guanzhong,Shaanxi Province can achieve high and stable yield of wheat and annual wheat-maize yield.Under the experimental conditions,130 kg·hm-2 is the appropriate phosphorus application level for wheat season to meet higher rotation yield and phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency.

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