单 位：
伊犁师范学院生物与地理科学学院;中国科学院大学;中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所;新疆大学资源与环境科学学院
关键词：
土壤养分;地统计学;空间变异;地形因子;绿洲农业
摘 要：
[目的]研究土壤养分的空间变异程度、分布规律以及与地形因子间的相关关系,为干旱区绿洲农业的施肥区划、土壤资源的可持续利用及精准农业的推广等提供理论依据。[方法]以新疆伊犁河谷典型绿洲区察布查尔县为研究区,应用GIS技术与地统计学相结合的方法,研究伊犁河谷典型绿洲区农耕层土壤养分的空间分布特征及变异规律,并进一步应用典范对应分析(CCA)技术,对土壤养分空间变异与地形因子的关系进行分析。[结果](1)有机质、碱解氮、速效钾含量的变异系数介于24.22%~46.76%,属于中等变异,而速效磷的变异系数为107.51%,属于强变异;区域内存在中等和较强程度的空间自相关性,且速效钾的空间自相关性稍强,碱解氮的空间自相关性稍弱;(2)土壤养分在空间分布上多呈斑块状。有机质在东部相对含量较低;碱解氮中部含量相对较低且在东西方向上变异较强烈;速效磷在东北和西南方向上相对较低;速效钾在中部偏北和东南方向上相对较低且在东部变异较强烈。(3)碱解氮与高程和地形起伏度呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),有机质与坡度、地形起伏度呈显著负相关(p<0.05),速效钾与平面曲率、剖面曲率呈正相关关系。(4)高程、坡度、地形起伏度、剖面曲率是影响该区域土壤养分空间分布的主要地形因子。[结论]在今后的农业施肥过程中,适当增加东部有机肥的投入,应适当增加中部氮素的输入,应适当增加东北方向上磷钾元素的注入。
译 名：
Relationship Between Terrain Factors and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Soil Nutrients in Plow Layer Soil of Chabuchar County,Xinjiang Wei Autonomous Region
作 者：
XU Li;YAN Junjie;CHEN Chen;CUI Dong;College of Biological and Geographical Sciences,Yili Normal University;College of Resource and Environmental Science,Xinjiang University;Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
关键词：
soil nutrient;;Geo-statistics;;spatial variability;;terrain factors;;oasis agriculture
摘 要：
[Objective]Studying the spatial distribution characteristics of soil nutrients and analyzing its relationship with topographical factors in order to provide theoretical bases for fertilizer regionalization of oasis agriculture in arid areas,and for sustainable utilization of soil resources and promotion of precision agriculture.[Methods]Chabchar County,Xinjiang Wei Autonomous Region in Ili river valley's typical oasis was taken as a study region,and GIS and Geo-statistics were used to analyze the characteristics of soil nutrients' spatial distribution and its variation of plow layer soil in Ili River Valley's typical oasis.Therelationships between soil nutrients and topographical factors were analyzed using CCA ordination(canonical correspondence analysis).[Results](1) The coefficients of variation of soil organic matter,available nitrogen and available potassium ranged from 24.22% to 46.76%,belonging to moderate level of variation.The coefficient of variation of soil available phosphorus content was 107.51%,which showed a strong variation.Geo-statistical analysis suggested that there were moderate and strong spatial auto-correlation among soil nutrient items.Spatial correlation of available potassium was stronger than that of available nitrogen.(2) Spatially,soil nutrient were distributed in patchy pattern.Soil organic matter of the west was higher than that of the east.Available nitrogen of the central region was lower and the variation of available nitrogen was severe in east and west regions.Available phosphorus of the northeast and the southwest were lower.Available potassium of the north-central and the southeast were lower and the variation of available potassium was severe in the east.(3) Available nitrogen was extremely positively correlated with elevation and roughness of the terrain(p<0.01),while soil organic matter was significantly and negatively correlated with the slope and the roughness of the terrain(p<0.05).Available potassium was positively correlated with the horizontal curvature and the profile curvature.(4) Elevation,slope,roughness of the terrain and profile curvature were the major topographical factors that affect the soil nutrients' spatial distribution in this area.[Conclusion]The organic fertilizer should be properly increased in the east,the nitrogen fertilizer should be increased appropriately in the central,phosphate and the potash fertilizer should be properly increased in northeast of the region.
