单 位：
重庆医药高等专科学校医学技术系;西南大学资源环境学院
摘 要：
【目的】评价经果林模式的水土保持效应,为该地区发展经果林工作及相关研究提供参考依据。【方法】分别在已种植3年的柑橘林、枇杷林和已种植2年的龙眼林下撒播黑麦草和菊苣两种优质牧草,设柑橘+黑麦草(GH)、柑橘+菊苣(GJ)、柑橘纯林(GC)、枇杷+黑麦草(PH)、枇杷+菊苣(PJ)、枇杷纯林(PC)、龙眼+黑麦草(LH)、龙眼+菊苣(LJ)和龙眼纯林(LC)等处理,进行整地培肥;同时采用农地作对照处理(CK),测定各处理的土壤理化性质及团聚体稳定性等指标。【结果】经果林模式土壤砂粒(0.050~1.000 mm)和粗粉粒(0.001~0.050 mm)含量整体较高,分别为30.37%~65.29%和24.42%~57.44%;与纯林相比,柑橘、龙眼经果林模式土壤容重较低、土壤孔隙度较大;不同经果林模式土壤团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)均大于纯林模式,说明经果林模式能够有效改良土壤团聚体稳定性;经果林模式土壤全量养分含量均有不同程度的增加,但除枇杷经果林外其余模式下不同草种间土壤全氮的提高幅度差异不显著(P>0.05);柑橘经果林模式对土壤速效磷的改良效果最佳,经果林模式土壤中速效钾含量的增幅排序为PJ>GH>LJ>GJ>GC>PH>LH>CK>PC>LC。【结论】不同经果林模式能够有效改善土壤结构和质地,提高土壤团聚体稳定性,提升土壤养分含量,柑橘和枇杷经果林模式土壤全磷的改善效果优于龙眼经果林模式,柑橘经果林模式对土壤速效磷的改良效果最佳。
译 名：
Effect of soil and water conservation in purple hilly area under different modes of economic fruit forest
作 者：
HU Xue-qin;JIANG Ping;DING Wen-bin;SHI Dong-mei;Department of Medical Technology, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College;College of Natural Resources and Environment, Southwest University;
关键词：
economic fruit forest;;mode;;effect of soil and water conservation;;purple hilly area
摘 要：
【Objective】The present experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of soil and water conservation under different modes of economic fruit forest, in order to provide reference basis for developing and researching economic fruit forest. 【Method】The two high-quality forage varieties viz., ryegrass, chicory were planted respectively in loquat forest and citrus forest which had been cultivated for 3 years and longan forest which had been cultivated for 3 years. The field experiment was designed, including 9 treatment modes viz. citrus+ryegrass mode(GH), citrus+chicory mode(GJ), pure citrus plantation mode(GC), loquat+ryegrass mode(PH), loquat+chicory mode(PJ), pure loquat plantation(PC), longan+ryegrass mode(LH), longan+chicory mode(LJ) and pure longan plantation mode(LC), and using cropland as contrast(CK). And the soil preparation and soil fertility improvement were conducted during field management and cultivation.Meanwhile, the soil physical and chemical properties and soil aggregate stability were determined. 【Result 】The results showed that the contents of soil sand(0.050-1.000 mm) and coarse silt(0.001-0.050 mm) were relatively higher under economic fruit forest modes, which were 30.37%-65.29% and 24.42%-57.44%, respectively. Compared with pure forest,the citrus and longan forests under economic fruit mode had lower soil bulk density and larger soil porosity. The mean weight diameter(MWD)and geometric mean diameter(GMD)of soil aggregates in forests under different modes of economic fruit forest were greater than those of pure forests, this indicated that economic fruit forest mode could improve soil aggregate stability. The total nutrient content of soil in economic fruit forest increased to varying degrees. However, there was nonsignificant difference in total nitrogen content between two forage varieties under other modes of economic fruit forest except mode of loquat forest(P>0.05). The citrus forest mode had the best improvement effect on soil available phosphorus. The increase ranges of available potassium content in economic fruit forest were in order as follows: PJ >GH >LJ >GJ>GC>PH>LH>CK>PC>LC. 【Conclusion】The different fruit and nut trees modes can effectively improve structure and texture of soil, and enhance soil aggregate stability and soil nutrient content. Furthermore, the citrus forest modes and loquat forest modes show better improvement effect on soil total phosphorus than longan forest modes, especially, the citrus forest modes show the best improvement effect on soil available phosphorus.
