ZHANG Xinyue;CHENG Chuanteng;BAI Haixin;LYU Jingyi;ZHANG Shuzhi;ZHANG Yonggen;WANG Lihua;FENG Guanzhi;XIN Hangshu;College of Animal Science and Technology,Northeast Agricultural University;Wellhope Shenyang Ruminant Feed Company Limited;

waste milk;;calves;;growth performance;;fecal score;;plasma immune;;fecal microorganism

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of waste milk on growth performance, body size indexes, fecal score, plasma immune indexes and fecal microorganism of Holstein male calves before and two weeks after weaning.Twenty-four newborn Holstein male calves were divided into four blocks according to birth date.In each block, the calves were randomly assigned to three treatments, which were milk replacer group(100% milk replacer, MR),mixed milk group(50% milk replacer + 50% waste milk, MM),and waste milk group(100% waste milk,WM),the experiment lasted for 70d.Calves were measured for body size and plasma immune indexes on 8,56,and 70dof age.Feces were collected on 49and 70dof age for detecting fecal E.coli and Lactobacillus.Starter intake and fecal scores were recorded daily.The results showed that:1)The weight of calves in WM was significantly higher than that in MR and MM(P≤0.01).However,different treatments had no significant effects on starter intake(P>0.10),average daily gain(ADG,P >0.10),total dry matter intake(DMI,P >0.10)and feed efficiency(FE,P>0.05)of calves;2)Compared with MM,WM significantly increased the body side length of calves(P≤0.05).MR and WM were significantly improved hip width,heart girth(P≤0.01)and hip height(P≤0.05)of calves compared with MM.Different treatments had no significant effects on body height of calves(P >0.1);3)WM significantly increased the immunoglobulin A(IgA),immunoglobulin M(IgM),immunoglobulin G(IgG)and interleukin 10(IL-10)in plasma of calves(P≤0.01).WM significantly decreased the TNF-α(P≤0.01),and tended to decrease interleukin 6(IL-6)(P≤0.10)in plasma of calves.Plasma interleukin 2(IL-2)content of calves in MM and WM was significantly higher before weaning,and significantly lower after weaning than that in MR(P≤0.01);4)Compared with MR,MM and WM significantly increased fecal score(P≤ 0.01)and abnormal fecal days(P≤0.05).And no significant difference was found on diarrhea cases,treated with antibiotic times and average days to recover from diarrhea case of calves among three treatments(P>0.1);5)There was no significant difference in the contents of E.coli and Lactobacillus in feces of calves among different treatments(P>0.1).These results indicated that the supply of waste milk as liquid feed for calves improved the growth performance and the immune indexes in plasma,meanwhile,which had an effect on the occurrence of diarrhea on calves.