当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 塔克拉玛干沙质荒漠野生双峰驼(Camelus bactrianus)食性的季节性变化分析 野生动物学报 2016,37 (2) 85-90
Position: Home > Articles > Seasonal Food Habit Analysis of Wild Bactrian Camel Camelus bactrianus in the Xinjiang Taklimakan Desert Chinese Journal of Wildlife 2016,37 (2) 85-90

塔克拉玛干沙质荒漠野生双峰驼(Camelus bactrianus)食性的季节性变化分析

作  者:
阿布力米提·阿布都卡迪尔;赵莉;李维东;买尔旦·吐尔干
单  位:
中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所;新疆维吾尔自治区环境保护科学研究院
关键词:
野骆驼;食性;食物组成;塔克拉玛干;新疆
摘  要:
2014年12月~2015年12月,以塔克拉玛干大沙漠野生双峰驼(Camelus bactrianus)分布的3块区(N 38°00′~40°50′,E 83°51′~85°48′)为研究区,选出了10个观测点,采用针对珍稀濒危野生哺乳动物专题调查的样线和样点方法,开展了野骆驼栖息分布自然环境、食性和食物组成的野外四季定点检测;同时,利用足迹分辨和痕迹截线等方法采集了食物类型植物标本100份和新旧粪便120份,进行粪便实验分类和分析研究,最终获得了野骆驼季节性食性状况的详细统计数据。野外宏观和室内微观研究结果表明,在研究区域分布记录的21科53属75种植物中,野骆驼在四季食用的约有12科33属33种,占分布区植物种类的44%,其中,野骆驼冬季采食12科31种,春季12科24种,夏季12科19种,秋季12科32种植物。藜科、豆科、禾本科、杨柳科、菊科和柽柳科植物是野骆驼全年的主要食物。不同季节野骆驼喜食的植物出现率不同,以秋季和夏季最典型为97%和57%,故食物组成和食性也有明显变化。胡杨、柽柳、骆驼刺、芦苇、蒿和尖果沙枣是野骆驼在四季不可缺少的主要营养效力植物。
译  名:
Seasonal Food Habit Analysis of Wild Bactrian Camel Camelus bactrianus in the Xinjiang Taklimakan Desert
作  者:
Ablimit Abdukadir;Zhao Li;Li Weidong;Mardan Turgan;Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region Institute of Environment Protection;
关键词:
Wild camel;;Camelus bactrianus;;Food habit;;Xinjiang
摘  要:
We studied the food habits,food types and food components of two- humped wild camel(Camelus bactrianus) by sampling belt transects and point counts,and faecal analysis method from December 2014 to December 2015 in three fractional distribution areas and at 10 observation points(N 38°00′-40°50′,E 83°51′-85°48′) in Xinjiang Taklimakan Desert.In four seasons of field work,we collected 100 samples of the plant species as food resources and collected over 120 fecal samples to analyze food habits and food components of wild camel.We recorded 75 species of plants of 21 families and 53 genera.Of these,12 families,33 genera and 33 species were consumed by wild camel throughout its total distribution area.Wild camel consumed 31 species of12 families in winter,24 species of 12 families in spring,19 species of 12 families In summer and32 species of 12 families in autumn.Some plant species in the families Chenopodiaceae,Fabaceae,Poaceae,Salicaceae,Asteraceae and Tamaricaceae are yearly major foods for wild camel.Species eaten and relative proportions changed by season.During autumn,wild camel exploited97%of the available plant species diversity as compared to 57%during summer.Species including Populus euphratica,Tamarix sp.,Alhagi sp.,Phragmites australis,Artemisia sp.and Elaeagnus oxycarpa were used as food sources in all four seasons.

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