单 位：
甘肃则岔自然保护区管理局;甘肃农业大学林学院
摘 要：
以甘南尕海则岔自然保护区内的未退化、轻度退化、中度退化及重度退化的洪泛湿地为研究对象,采用恢复生态学原理和野外采样与室内分析相结合的方法,研究洪泛湿地退化过程中土壤理化性质的变化特征。结果表明:(1)随着洪泛湿地退化程度的加剧,土壤容重逐渐增加,土壤毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度和通气度均表现为未退化>中度退化>轻度退化>重度退化,土壤非毛管孔隙度为重度退化>中度退化>未退化>轻度退化;与未退化洪泛湿地相比,轻度、中度、重度退化洪泛湿地的平均土壤最小持水量、毛管蓄水量和饱和蓄水量较其分别降低19.20%,47.91%,55.11%;11.24%,5.16%,16.49%;11.61%,1.93%,11.84%,非毛管蓄水量表现为重度退化(431.01t/hm2)>中度退化(393.01t/hm2)>未退化(303.81t/hm2)>轻度退化(255.22t/hm2)。(2)各洪泛湿地的土壤平均速效N、P、K、全量N、P、K和有机质(SOM)向表层聚集明显;与未退化洪泛湿地相比,轻度、中度、重度退化湿地的土壤速效N含量分别降低25.91%,34.40%,37.03%,速效P含量分别降低16.91%,32.96%,40.53%,速效K含量分别降低14.48%,33.96%,41.42%,有机质含量分别降低0.57%,22.01%,22.73%;各湿地的C/N比在17.11~20.69之间,未退化湿地最低;pH变动范围为7.76~7.92,未退化湿地最高。(3)随着湿地退化程度的加剧,容重逐渐增加,孔隙度逐渐减小,持水和蓄水性能逐渐降低,养分含量逐渐减少,土壤环境趋于恶化。
译 名：
Soil Physicochemical Properties Characteristics During Degradation Process of the Flooding Wetland in Gahai
作 者：
HUANG Rong;WANG Hui;MA Wei-wei;LI De-yu;SHI Xiao-wei;College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University;Gahai Zecha Natural Preservation Zone Administration;
关键词：
Gahai;;flooding wetland;;degradation;;soil physicochemical properties
摘 要：
The changes of soil physicochemical properties during degradation process of the flooding wetland were studied by using the principle of restoration ecology and method of combination field survey with laboratory analysis,the flooding wetlands of non-degradation,mild degeneration,moderate degradation and severe degeneration were chosen to be the study subjects in Gahai Zecha natural preservation zone of Gannan.The results showed:(1)As the aggravation of flooding wetland degradation,soil bulk density increased gradually,soil capillary porosity,total porosity and venting quality all showed non-degradation>moderate degradation>mild degeneration >severe degeneration,the order of soil non-capillary porosity was severe degeneration>moderate degradation>non-degradation>mild degeneration.Comparing with the non-degradation flooding wetland,the average soil minimum water holding capacity,capillary storage water capacity and saturated storage water capacity of mild degeneration,moderate degradation and severe degeneration flooding wetland decreased by 19.20%,47.91%,55.11%,11.24%,5.16%,16.49%,11.61%,1.93%,11.84%,the soil non-capillary storage water capacity showed severe degeneration(431.01t/hm2)>moderate degradation(393.01t/hm2)>non-degradation(303.81t/hm2)>mild degeneration(255.22t/hm2).(2)The average soil available N,P,K,total amount of N,P,K and SOM of flooding wetlands distributed in surface soil layer.Compared with the non-degradation flooding wetland,soil available N of mild degeneration,moderate degradation and severe degeneration flooding wetland decreased by 25.91%,34.40%,37.03%,respectively,available P decreased by 16.91%,32.96%,40.53%,available K decreased by 14.48%,33.96%,41.42%,SOM decreased by 0.57%,22.01%,22.73%.The C/N of wetlands was among 17.11~20.69,non-degradation wetland was the lowest.The range of pH was 7.76~7.92,non-degradation wetland was the highest.(3)As the aggravation of flooding wetland degradation,soil bulk density increased gradually,porosity decreased,water holding capacity,storage water capacity and nutrient reduced,soil environment deteriorated.
