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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 不同开垦年限对新疆绿洲农田土壤理化性质的影响 水土保持研究 2016,23 (3) 13-18
Position: Home > Articles > The Variation of Soil Physicochemical Properties in Farmlands with Different Cultivation Years in Oasis of Xinjiang Research of Soil and Water Conservation 2016,23 (3) 13-18

不同开垦年限对新疆绿洲农田土壤理化性质的影响

作  者：
张晓东;刘志刚;热沙来提·买买提
单  位：
新疆鄯善县农技推广中心;巴音郭楞职业技术学院生物工程学院
关键词：
开垦年限;土壤养分;绿洲农田;新疆
摘  要：
研究了不同开垦年限对新疆绿洲农田土壤养分的变化规律,利用主成分得分的方法评价了开垦对新疆绿洲农田土壤质量的影响。结果表明:(1)开垦有利于新疆绿洲农田土壤有机碳组分和POC/MOC值,开垦初期(0~3a)增加迅速,9a后缓慢下降并趋于一个相对稳定的水平。(2)不同开垦年限土壤含水量、pH、电导率和全盐含量均显著高于未开垦土壤(p<0.05),土壤含水量和电导率在开垦初期(0~3a)急剧增加,在开垦6a前后达到最大值,此后的几年缓慢下降并趋于一个相对稳定的水平,土壤pH和全盐含量随开垦年限的增加而增加,开垦9a以后缓慢增加。(3)开垦9a以上土壤养分和有效养分含量均显著高于未开垦土壤(p<0.05),并且基本呈一致的变化趋势,即随着开垦年限的增加呈先增加后趋于平稳或者降低趋势。(4)相关性分析表明,不同开垦条件下土壤养分与有效养分均呈现出一定的相关性。(5)土壤质量的各项指标主成分分析结果表明,基本确定新疆绿洲农田开垦9a后土壤质量开始退化。综合上述结果可知:短期的开垦(开垦0~9a)则有利于提高新疆绿洲农田土壤肥力及土壤养分的有效性,而长期的开垦(开垦年限>13a)则造成土壤板结和盐渍化,降低了土壤养分及有效养分含量。
译  名：
The Variation of Soil Physicochemical Properties in Farmlands with Different Cultivation Years in Oasis of Xinjiang
作  者：
ZHANG Xiaodong;LIU Zhigang;Reshalaiti·Maimaiti;Bayingol Vocational and Technology College;Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Agricultural Technology Promotion Center;
关键词：
cultivation years;;soil nutrients;;oasis farmland;;Xinjiang
摘  要：
The variation of soil nutrients of the farmlands with different cultivation years in Xinjiang oasis farmland was investigated by using the method of principal component score evaluation to evaluate the quality of the reclamation of oasis farmland in Xinjiang.The results showed that:(1)cultivation practices enhanced the accumulation of total organic carbon and POC/MOC in soils,increased rapidly in the initial period(0~3years),but the increase was diminished after 9years of cultivation;(2)soil moisture,pH,electrical conductivity,and the salt content of cultivation lands were significant higher than those of virgin lands(p<0.05),soil moisture and electrical conductivity increased rapidly in the initial period(0~3years),but the increase was diminished after 6years of cultivation,while pH and salt content increased with cultivation years,and the increase was diminished after 6years of cultivation;(3)the contents of soil nutrients and available nutrients of the land with more than 9cultivation years were significantly higher than those of the virgin lands(p<0.05),which showed first increased and then slowly decreased with cultivation years;(4)correlation analysis showed that total quantity of soil nutrients had a certain correlation with available nutrients;(5)the principal component analysis indicated that the farmland tended to degradation after 9years of cultivation.Based on the summary of the above results,it can be concluded that short-term cultivation(0~9years)can improve the effectiveness of soil fertility and nutrients in oasis farmlands of Xinjiang,but long-term cultivation(>13years)may make soil hard and saline and reduce soil fertility and nutrients.

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