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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 塔里木河下游绿洲演变及其原因分析 新疆农业科学 2012,49 (5) 961-967
Position: Home > Articles > Evolution and Analysis of Oasis in the Lower Reaches of Tarim River in the Historical Period Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences 2012,49 (5) 961-967

塔里木河下游绿洲演变及其原因分析

作  者：
吐尔逊·哈斯木;阿迪力·吐尔干;杨家军;夏扎旦木·买买提;祖木拉提·伊布拉音;阿依先木·司马义;阿不力提甫·吾甫尔
单  位：
克拉玛依市工程技术公司员工培训站;新疆大学资源与环境科学学院
关键词：
塔里木河下游;绿洲演变;原因
摘  要：
【目的】以典型干旱区塔里木河下游为例,研究古绿洲的兴盛,其衰落、废弃,以及天然绿洲向人工绿洲转化,缩小、后退,一些下游人工绿洲的废弃、迁移的原因,总结变迁规律,为今后绿洲更好地发展提供科学参考。【方法】基于野外考察、文献查阅、历史比较法,参考考古与统计资料,分析各环境要素、考古信息数据、考古资料。【结果】塔里木河下游地区天然绿洲的存在,为该地区人类的生存提供了最原始的栖息场所与生存条件;随着时间的推移,天然绿洲在不同程度上为人类所利用和改造,随着社会经济的发展和人类生产活动的影响形成了大规模的人工绿洲。下游绿洲生态系统的脆弱性,出现了一些生态环境问题,其中绿洲的稳定性是最为核心和关键的。绿洲的稳定性受自然因素和人类活动的影响。由于自然和人类因素的影响,塔里木河下游绿洲从兴盛、废弃古城、古绿洲到近代以天然绿洲向人工绿洲转化、缩小、后退。【结论】如果不平衡的发展大大超出了自然可承载的范围,会导致毁灭性的后果。研究对于今后开发自然环境较为脆弱的塔里木河流域地区,坚持可持续发展,有着重要的借鉴意义。
译  名：
Evolution and Analysis of Oasis in the Lower Reaches of Tarim River in the Historical Period
作  者：
Tursun Kasim1,Adil Turgan1,YANG Jia-jun1,Xiazadam Maimaiti2,Zumrat Ibrayim1, Ayshem Ismayil1,Abulitipu Wupuer1 (1.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Xinjiang Un ive rsity,Urumqi 830046,China;2.Staff Training Station of Engineering and Technol ogy Company in Karamay City,Karamay Xinjiang 834000,China)
关键词：
Tarim River;oasis evolution;reason
摘  要：
【Objective】 The purpose of t his project was to identify and clarify the possible reasons responsible for the decline and aba ndonment of ancient oases and the reasons that caused the transformation of natu ral oasis into artificial oasis.Related factors that brought about the decrease and relocation of oasis in the lower reaches of the river basin were presented through the case study of Tarim River basin,and the overall dynamical change pa ttern and trend of oasis evolution were summarized.【Method】 C omprehensive field work,literature review,comparative analysis and statistical methods integrated with various environmental factors,archaeological informati on and recorded data were used for the purpose of this paper.【 Result】 The oases located at the lower reaches of Tarim River have been provid ing the people living there with all the vital life resources and basic habitat throughout the history.As the time went on,natural oases there were exploited and transformed to some degrees and large-scale artificial oases were created by the mass human production and socio-economic activities.With the growth of pop ulation and advancement of technology,the eco-system of oases at the lower reac hes was severely affected,and a series of ecological problems appeared accordin gly.Among these problems,oasis stability is the most critical one and of great significance.It could be affected both by natural factors and human activity t hat occurred always simultaneously and with complexity.The change in natural fa ctors and human activity was conductive to the disappearance of ancient oases,t he transformation of natural oasis,and decrease and relocation of oases in the lower reach of river basin.【Conclusion】 Economic growth must b e organized on a firm eco-environmental base;any development that is imbalanced with ecological carrying capacity will result in serious a consequence,like th e real case of Loulan viewed today.The failure of Loulan was not only the failu re of human civilization here,but also a failure of eco-system that provides us with the reference to maintain the modern oases system development sustainable and rational.

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