关键词：
间作;氮水平;蚕豆赤斑病;蚕豆锈病;产量损失
摘 要：
【目的】研究不同施氮水平下蚕豆单作、小麦与蚕豆间作种植模式下蚕豆赤斑病和锈病复合危害及蚕豆产量损失的差异,量化赤斑病和锈病复合危害导致的产量损失,定量评估间作控病对产量优势的贡献。【方法】于2016年进行了田间试验,设置蚕豆单作和蚕豆小麦间作2种种植模式,防治病害和不防治病害2种处理,4个施氮水平(N 0、45、90、135 kg/hm~2,依次记为N_0、N_1、N_2、N_3)。调查蚕豆赤斑病和锈病复合危害程度的差异,测定蚕豆的百粒重和产量。【结果】施氮(N_1、N_2、N_3)使单作蚕豆赤斑病和锈病病情进展曲线下面积(AUDPC)平均增加33.9%和39.6%,使间作蚕豆平均增加27.1%和69.3%,均以N_3水平增加最高。所有施氮水平下,与单作相比,间作显著降低赤斑病AUDPC 49.1%～53.6%,降低锈病AUDPC 39.6%～56.8%。施氮(N_1、N_2、N_3)加剧蚕豆赤斑病和锈病的危害,单作蚕豆百粒重损失28.1～32.4 g,间作损失16.3～16.8 g,单作籽粒产量损失1441～1770 kg/hm~2,间作籽粒产量损失815～1263 kg/hm~2,间作比单作平均减少百粒重46.8%和籽粒产量36.9%,减少效果表现为N_3> N_2> N_1> N_0。蚕豆病害复合危害与籽粒产量的回归分析表明,赤斑病和锈病的AUDPC每增加一个单位可导致1.7 kg/hm~2的蚕豆籽粒产量损失,赤斑病对蚕豆产量损失的影响大于锈病。【结论】施氮加重赤斑病和锈病的复合危害,加剧蚕豆产量损失。小麦与蚕豆间作能显著减轻赤斑病和锈病的复合危害程度,减少产量损失。合理施用氮肥能够充分发挥间作的控病增产效果,有利于间作的产量优势最大化。本试验条件下,兼顾间作的控制病害增产效果和间作产量优势其他效应,推荐蚕豆的适宜施氮量为45 kg/hm~2。
译 名：
Effect of N management on the combined damage of chocolate spot and rust diseases and yield loss of faba bean in wheat–faba bean intercropping system
作 者：
MA Lian-kun;DONG Kun;ZHU Jin-hui;DONG Yan;College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University;College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University;
关键词：
intercropping;;N rate;;chocolate spot;;rust;;yield loss
摘 要：
【Objectives】The objectives were to explore differences of the degree of chocolate spot and rust combined disease and yield loss between faba bean monoculture and wheat with faba bean intercropping under different nitrogen levels, quantify yield loss caused by the combined damage of chocolate spot and rust, and evaluate contribution of intercropping control disease to yield advantage.【Methods】In 2016, a field experiment was designed by using a randomized block design. There were four nitrogen levels, N0(0 kg/hm~2), N1(45 kg/hm~2), N2(90 kg/hm~2) and N3(135 kg/hm~2), two planting modes, faba bean monoculture and wheat with faba bean intercropping, and disease control and no control. The damage degree of chocolate spot and rust on faba bean and the yield loss were investigated.【Results】The nitrogen application(N_1, N_2 and N_3) increased the chocolate spot and rust area under disease progression curve(AUDPC) 33.9% and 39.6% on average in the monoculture,increased the chocolate spot and rust AUDPC 27.1% and 69.3% on average in the intercropping, and the AUDPC was the highest under the N_3 level. Compared with the monocropping, the intercropping significantly reduced the chocolatespot and rust AUDPC 49.1%–53.6% and 39.6%–56.8% under N_0–N_3 levers, respectively. The nitrogen application(N_1, N_2 and N_3) aggravated the harm of the chocolate spot and rust and caused faba bean100-seeed weight loss 28.1–32.4 g(monocropping) and 16.3–16.8 g(intercropping), grain yield loss of1441–1770 kg/hm~2(monocropping) and 815–1263 kg/hm~2(intercropping), ranked as follows: N_3 > N_2 > N_1 > N_0.Compared with the monoculture, the intercropping could recover 46.8% 100-seeed weight loss and 36.9% grain yield loss of faba bean. Regression analysis of the combined damage of faba bean diseases and grain yield showed that for each unit increase in percent of the chocolate spot and rust AUDPC, there was a grain yield loss of 1.7 kg/hm~2. The chocolate spot was the main disease causing yield loss of faba bean, followed by rust. Appropriate nitrogen application could exert the advantage of intercropping better.【Conclusions】Nitrogen application aggravates the combined damage of the chocolate spot and rust, and increases the yield loss of faba bean. Wheat with faba bean intercropping could significantly reduce the combined damage of the chocolate spot and rust and recover the yield loss. The effect of the intercropping could control disease and increase yield under full realization at appropriate rate of nitrogen fertilizer, and other effects of yield advantage of the intercropping could be maximized. In this experiment, considering the effects of disease control and yield increase and other effects of intercropping, the recommended nitrogen application rate of faba bean was 45 kg/hm~2.
