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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 我国栽培作物来源的探讨 中国农业科学 1981,14 (4) 86-96
Position: Home > Articles > A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE ORIGIN OF CULTIVATED PLANTS IN CHINA Scientia Agricultura Sinica 1981,14 (4) 86-96

我国栽培作物来源的探讨

作  者：
卜慕华
单  位：
中国农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所
摘  要：
目前经过不同程度人工照料管理的高等植物约达1,000种,其中对人类经济和生活影响较大的约600种,有些特用作物分布范围较窄,有些最重要的作物几乎遍布世界各地。对于各种作物是如何演变而来,人类最初是在何处开始驯化和当时的种类是怎么样的
译  名：
A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE ORIGIN OF CULTIVATED PLANTS IN CHINA
作  者：
Pu Mu-hua (Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences)
摘  要：
China is regarded by agronomists and botanists as a very important source of numerous cultivated plants. It is well known that since prehistoric times a great number of crops have been cultivated in China. Archaeologists have found in ancient tombs carbonized seeds of proso millet, foxtail millet, rice, sorghum, wheat, gourd, sour jujube, peach, Chinese apricot, hazel and pine. Radiocarbon dating has revealed that all these seeds originated before 2,000— 5,000 B. C. in the neolithic period, with the exception of wheat which dated back to 400 B. C. Other important early evidence includes the mention of more than thirty crops in the "Book of Odes", a compilation of Chinese ancient folk poetry written 3,000 years ago. The more important crops are proso (both glutinous and non-glutinous races), foxtall millet, soybean, hemp, wheat, barley, rice, wild rice (Zizania, used as grain food), sorghum, ramie, melon, gourd, radish, lotus, peach, plum, chestnut, hazel, Chinese jujube, sour jujube, mulberry, tung, pine and some others. Most of the crops are of Chinese origin, and they have been cultivated in the northern part of China for more than 3 to 7 millennia. Based on a review of related references, the author worked out a short list on the origin of China's major crops and divided them into four categories : ①236 important crops; most of them were primary crops domesticated by Chinese aborigines, and others were secondary crops but cultivated in China for more than 3000 years. ②15 kinds of crops introduced during the Han dynasty (about 100 B. C. ) by the emissary Zhang Qian via the Silk Road from the Near East and India. ③.69 crops introduced since 200 A. D. from countries of the Old World. ④27 crops introduced from America after the 17th century A. D. The list did not include the lower plants, pastures, forest trees, and not very impornant economic and onamental plants.

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