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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 烟台市农田N·P_2O_5和K_2O供需平衡及环境影响研究 安徽农业科学 2022 (2) 162-165+179
Position: Home > Articles > Balance of Supply and Demand and Environmental Effect of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O in Farmland of Yantai City Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences 2022 (2) 162-165+179

烟台市农田N·P_2O_5和K_2O供需平衡及环境影响研究

作  者：
孙瑞川
单  位：
烟台市环保工程咨询设计院有限公司
关键词：
农田;N;P_2O_5;K_2O;供需平衡;环境影响;烟台
摘  要：
通过估算农作物的N、 P_2O_5、K_2O需要量,农作物秸秆的N、 P_2O_5、K_2O还田量,人、畜、禽粪尿的N、 P_2O_5、K_2O还田量和化肥的N、 P_2O_5、K_2O施用量,研究烟台市农田N、 P_2O_5、K_2O供需平衡。结果农作物对N、 P_2O_5、K_2O的需要量分别是146 977.71、60 273.35和130 907.02 t;有机肥的N、 P_2O_5、K_2O还田量分别是89 154.77、45 966.96和97 214.73 t;化肥的N、 P_2O_5、K_2O施用量分别是196 262.66、57 171.31和83 863.03 t。结果表明,化肥、有机肥的N、 P_2O_5、K_2O供应量远远大于农作物的需要量;有机肥作为主肥,其养分供应量低于农作物对养分的需要量,但化肥作为辅肥,其养分供应量远远大于有机肥的缺口;有机肥不足和化肥过量,造成土壤板结、肥力下降、农作物品质下降和水、土环境污染;通过政府组建公益性专业公司收集养殖场粪污,生产有机肥还田,并通过精准施肥,大幅削减化肥施用量,来改善土壤环境、水环境质量,提高农产品品质。该研究可为烟台市农田科学施肥提供指导,为农业生态系统可持续发展研究提供思路。
译  名：
Balance of Supply and Demand and Environmental Effect of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O in Farmland of Yantai City
作  者：
SUN Rui-chuan;Yantai Environmental Engineering Consulting and Design Institute Co.,Ltd.;
关键词：
Farmland;;N;;P_2O_5;;K_2O;;Supply and demand balance;;Environmental effect;;Yantai
摘  要：
In this paper, the supply and demand balance of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O in farmland of Yantai City was studied by estimating the N, P_2O_5 and K_2O demand of crops, the amount of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O returned to the field by crop straw, the amount of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O returned to the field by human, livestock and poultry manure and urine, and the amount of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O applied by chemical fertilizer. The following results were obtained. First, the requirements of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O for crops were 146 977.71, 60 273.35 and 130 907.02 t, respectively. Second, the amount of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O returned to the field were 89 154.77, 45 966.96 and 97 214.73 t, respectively. Third, the application amounts of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O in chemical fertilizer were 196 262.66, 57 171.31 and 83 863.03 t, respectively. The results showed the following conclusions. First, the supply of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer was far greater than the demand of crops. Second, organic fertilizer as the main fertilizer, its nutrient supply was lower than the crop nutrient requirements, but chemical fertilizer as a supplementary fertilizer, its nutrient supply was far greater than the gap of organic fertilizer. Third, lack of organic fertilizer and excessive chemical fertilizer caused soil hardening, fertility decline, crop quality decline and water and soil environmental pollution. Finally, the government ought to set up a professional company to collect manure from the farms and produce organic fertilizer, giving priority to supporting agricultural production bases, and the large amount of chemical fertilizer ought to be reduced through precise fertilization. These measures could improve the quality of soil environment and water environment and improve the quality of agricultural products. The conclusions could provide guidance for scientific fertilization of farmland in Yantai City, and provide ideas for research on sustainable development of agro-ecosystem.

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