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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 灌水量及覆膜对河西地区制种玉米产量的影响 河南农业科学 2016,45 (8) 25-30
Position: Home > Articles > Effects of Irrigation Quota and Plastic Film Mulching on Yield of Seed Corn in Hexi Area Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2016,45 (8) 25-30

灌水量及覆膜对河西地区制种玉米产量的影响

作  者：
王婵;赵向田;李永生;郑荣;张同祯;姚海梅;赵娟;方永丰;王汉宁
单  位：
甘肃省作物遗传改良与创新重点实验室/甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室;张掖市农业科学研究院
关键词：
地膜覆盖;灌水量;制种玉米;产量
摘  要：
探讨了地膜覆盖方式(全膜覆盖、半膜覆盖和未覆膜)与灌水量[7 050(高)、6 050(中)、5 050 m3/hm2(低)]对制种玉米产量的影响,旨在为河西地区制种玉米节水增效提供理论参考和科学依据。结果表明,覆膜方式、灌水量均对制种玉米产量、双穗率、穗粒数、粒质量及水分利用效率影响显著,二者的互作效应对玉米产量、双穗率、穗粒数、水分利用效率的影响达显著水平,但对粒质量无显著影响。全膜覆盖条件下,高灌水量和中灌水量处理的制种玉米田,产量分别为8 052.5、7 821.4 kg/hm~2,分别显著高于半膜覆盖和未覆膜条件下同等灌水量处理,且全膜覆盖中灌水量处理水分利用效率最高,为9.50 kg/(mm·hm~2)。全膜覆盖下高、中灌水量和半膜覆盖下高灌水量的双穗率和粒质量显著高于其他各处理。地膜覆盖显著改善了制种玉米生育期内耕层土壤水热状况。通径分析显示,在河西地区,对制种玉米产量因素的影响顺序为:双穗率(直接通径系数1.26)>穗粒数(0.93)>粒质量(0.68)>0~25 cm土壤温度(0.41)>0~30 cm土壤含水量(0.35)。由此说明,适宜的地膜覆盖方式与灌水量通过改善土壤水热提高制种玉米的双穗率和粒质量,最终形成较高的制种产量。综合分析认为,全膜覆盖并采用中等灌水量,可作为河西地区制种玉米节水栽培的主要技术措施。
译  名：
Effects of Irrigation Quota and Plastic Film Mulching on Yield of Seed Corn in Hexi Area
作  者：
WANG Chan;ZHAO Xiangtian;LI Yongsheng;ZHENG Rong;ZHANG Tongzhen;YAO Haimei;ZHAO Juan;FANG Yongfeng;WANG Hanning;Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement & Germplasm Enhancement/Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science;College of Agronomy,Gansu Agriculture University;Zhangye Agricultural Science Academy;
关键词：
plastic film mulching;;irrigation quota;;seed corn;;yield
摘  要：
In order to provide theoretical help and scientific basis for sustainable increase of yield of seed corn and production efficiency with high water use efficiency,the effects of different plastic film mulching patterns( full-film,half-film and no mulching) and irrigation quota(7 050,6 050,5 050 m~3/ ha) on the yield of seed corn were studied. The results showed that plastic film mulching patterns and irrigation quotas all had significant effect on seed corn yield,double-ear rate,seed number per ear,seed weight and water use efficiency( WUE). The interactive effect between plastic film mulching patterns and irrigation quotas on seed corn yield,double-ear rate,seed number per ear and WUE except seed weight reached the significant level. The seed corn yield under full-film mulching with high and moderate irrigation quotaswere 8 052. 5 kg / ha and 7 821. 4 kg / ha,respectively,which was higher than that under half-film mulching and no mulching with the same irrigation quota. The highest WUE reached 9. 50 kg /( mm·ha) under full-film mulching with moderate irrigation quota. The double-ear rate and seed weight under full-film mulching with high and moderate irrigation and half-film with high irrigation quotas were significantly higher than the other treatments. Plastic mulching significantly improved arable layer soil hydrothermal condition in the growth period of seed corn. Path coefficient analysis showed that the influence order on yield under different plastic film mulching patterns and irrigation quota treatments was double-ear rate(1. 26) > seed grain number(0. 93) > seed weight(0. 68) > 0—25 cm soil temperature(0. 41) > 0—30cm soil moisture content(0. 35) in Hexi area. It could be concluded that plastic film mulching and irrigation quota increased the seed corn yield by improving double-ear rate and seed weigh. The results indicated that full-film mulching with moderate irrigation was water-saving cultivation technique in Hexi area.

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