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水车起源和发展丛谈(上辑)

作  者:
李根蟠
单  位:
中国社会科学院经济研究所
关键词:
水车;翻车;筒车;井车
摘  要:
水车出现和推广在水利发展史上具有革命性意义。它是依靠轮轴转动工作的排灌机具,包括翻车、筒车、井车等不同类型。东汉毕岚创制翻车的说法未必正确。翻车起源于何时何地,尚需继续探讨。在相当长的时期内,翻车是在宫廷、城市和乡村、民间双线发展的。唐代太和年间中央政府征调江南水车匠在关中地区推广翻车,反映了宫廷、城市和乡村、民间双线的互动,南方民间翻车由默默无闻到崭露头角。从此,乡村和民间使用水车的发展势头不可遏制,终于迎来了水车使用空前繁盛的两宋时代。
译  名:
The Origin and Development of Waterwheel
作  者:
LI Gen-pan(Institute of Economics,China Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100836)
关键词:
water wheel;turning wheel;cube wheel;well wheel
摘  要:
The innovation and popularization of water wheel is of revolutionary significance in the history of water conservancy.It is the irrigation machine depending on the turning of wheel and axle,including turning wheel,cube wheel,and well wheel.The legend is questionable that it was invented by Bi Lan of East Han.Its origin is still a question waiting for further research.During a long period of time,waterwheel was developing along two separate lines: the city and the country.That the government drafted waterwheel carpenters from the South in the years of Taihe of Tang Dynasty indicates the interaction of two lines.The waterwheel of the South became fashionable,arising from the obscure.Since then,the development of waterwheel made drastic progress,and widely spread during Song Dynasties.

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