作 者：
汤宏;李向阳;王建伟;严红光;邓洁;刘伦沛;曾掌权
单 位：
凯里学院大健康学院;湖南省林业科学院湖南衡山森林生态系统定位观测研究站
摘 要：
本文通过大田小区试验,研究了不同磷肥用量对烤烟云烟87产量、品质、磷素吸收及利用率的影响,旨在为贵州省黔东南州及其相邻地区推荐适宜的烤烟种植施磷量。试验设置了P_0、P_1、P_2和P_3四个处理,每个处理有机肥、氮素养分(以N计)、钾素养分(以K_2O计)的用量保持一致,分别为2250、120和240 kg hm~(-2),磷用量(以P_2O_5计)分别为0、37.5、75和112.5 kg hm~(-2)。结果表明:烟叶产量随施磷量增加而增加,但P2和P3处理间产量没有显著差异;对于C3F等级烟叶,与P_0处理相比,P_2和P_3处理的烟叶总糖、还原糖、烟碱、蛋白质、总氮和钾含量分别提高了6.98%、9.54%、10.86%、12.56%、16.73%、22.76%和7.87%、8.73%、11.26%、15.32%、4.66%、22.22%,烟叶氯含量分别降低了18.35%和17.13%;P_2处理的氮碱比、两糖比和钾氯比提高,糖碱比、糖氮比和两糖差下降;P_3处理的糖氮比、两糖比和钾氯比提高,糖碱比、氮碱比和两糖差下降;施磷肥的处理烟叶的外观质量改善,烟叶刺激性和杂气降低,香气质和香气量提升,燃烧性增强、余味舒适且绵长。在各施磷处理中,磷肥利用率由高至低依次为P_2> P_3> P_1;施磷处理使烟叶中各化学成分之间的比例更为协调,烟叶的外观质量和评吸质量改善,烟株磷的吸收量增加。综合分析本试验条件下各处理的烟叶产量、品质和磷利用率试验结果,可以认为P_2和P_3处理表现较好。因此,在黔东南州及相邻烟区种植烟草,其推荐施磷量以75～112.5 kg hm~(-2)为宜。
译 名：
Effects of Application Rates of Phosphorus Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco and Uptake and Use Efficiency of Phosphorus Nutrient in Qiandongnan Region
作 者：
TANG Hong;LI Xiang-yang;WANG Jian-wei;YAN Hong-guang;DENG Jie;LIU Lun-pei;ZENG Zhang-quan;School of Life and Health Science, Kaili University;Hengshan Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Hunan Academy of Forestry;
关键词：
Phosphorus application rate;;Flue-cured tobacco;;Quality;;Phosphorus uptake;;Phosphorus use efficiency
摘 要：
A field experiment was conducted to reveal the effects of the application rates of phosphorus(P) fertilizer on the yield and quality of tobacco Yunyan 87 and uptake and use efficiency of P and to find the optimal application rate of P fertilizer for tobacco-planting in Qiandongnan region, Guizhou Province. The P fertilizer was applied at different rates of 0(P_0, P_2O_5), 37.5(P_1), 75(P_2) and 112.5 kg hm~(-2)(P_3) and the same amounts of organic fertilizer(2250 kg hm~(-2)), nitrogen nutrient(N, 120 kg hm~(-2)) and potassium nutrient(K_2O, 240 kg hm~(-2)) were applied in each treatment.The results showed that the tobacco yield was increased with the increase of applied rates of P fertilizer, but was not significantly different between P_2 and P_3 treatments. Compared with P_0 treatment, the contents of total sugar, reduced sugar, alkaloid, protein, total N and K in tobacco leaves(C3 F class) of P_2 treatment were increased by 6.98%, 9.54%,10.86%, 12.56%, 16.73% and 22.76%, respectively, and those in the P_3 treatment were increased by 7.87%, 8.73%,11.26%, 15.32%, 4.66% and 22.22%, respectively. While the chlorine content in tobacco leaves of P_2 and P_3 treatments was decreased by 18.35% and 17.13%, respectively. P_2 treatment increased the ratios of N to alkaloid, total sugar to reducing sugar and K to chlorine, but decreased the ratios of sugar to alkaloid, sugar to N and the difference between total sugar and reduced sugar. P_3 treatment significantly increased the ratios of sugar to N, total sugar to reducing sugar and K to chlorine, but decreased the ratios of sugar to alkaloid, N to alkaloid and the difference between total sugar and reduced sugar. the application of P fertilizer decreased the pungent smell and foreign smoke of tobacco leaves, enhanced the quality and quantity of smoke, increased the combustibility and the time of lasting smoke.The use efficiency of P fertilizer followed the order of P_2> P_3> P_1. The ratio of different chemical constituents of tobacco leaves was more coordinated, and the quality and yield of tobacco were improved after P fertilizer was used to soil especially in P_2 and P_3 treatments. In conclusion, the P fertilizer application at 75-112.5 kg hm~(-2) is recommended for tobacco-planting in Qiandongnan and adjoining regions.
