作 者：
贺环宇;李鹏飞;胡永歌;王艺琳;雷雅凯;田国行
摘 要：
【目的】为明确高速公路护坡草本植物在不同坡向下的根系特征。【方法】采用整株挖掘法对信(阳)南(阳)高速公路边坡常见草本植物根系进行调查和研究。【结果】(1)同一坡向不同草本植物根长、根径、根表面积和根干重均存在一定差异性,其中,人工恢复草本高羊茅和白三叶的根长、根表面积、根干重均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),而坡面入侵杂草根系特征之间差异性不显著,人工草本的根长、根表面积、根干重基本都要高于坡面入侵杂草,且根径较入侵草本小;各坡向高羊茅、白三叶和蛇莓的根长、根表面积、根干重均有显著或极显著差异性(P<0.05或P<0.01),表现为:阴坡>阳坡的分布规律,而艾草、问荆则表现不明显,且阳坡艾草的根长、根表面积、根干重较阴坡都要大;不同护坡草本植物在坡向条件下的根径差异较小,多集中在0.6~1.5 mm左右;坡向对各草本植物根冠比也产生一定影响,阴坡立地上蛇莓根冠比最大,阳坡艾草和白三叶次之。(2)不同植物的自身生物学特性不同,在坡向影响下的根系特征也具有一定差异;5种草本植物中,艾草在阳坡生长较好,而高羊茅、白三叶、蛇莓适合生长在背阳坡阴湿生境中,问荆抗逆性强,在2种坡向上均可正常生长。【结论】综合考虑护坡草本植物根系特征及其生态效应,人工草本对高速公路边坡不良生境的适应和改造能力要强于部分入侵杂草。
译 名：
Study on Root System Features of Herbaceous Plants at Different Aspects of Highway Slope
作 者：
HE Huan-yu;LI Peng-fei;HU Yong-ge;WANG Yi-lin;LEI Ya-kai;TIAN Guo-hang;College of Forestry,Henan Agricultural University;
关键词：
Highway slope;;Slope aspect;;Herbaceous plants;;Root system features
摘 要：
【Objective】The present paper aims to understanding the root system features of herbaceous plants at different aspects of highway slope. 【Method】Whole plant excavation method was applied for investigation and comparison of root system features of common herbaceous plants on Xin( yang)-nan( yang) highway slopes.【Result】( i) Within the same slope aspect,the root length,root diameter,root surface area and root biomass of different herbs had some differences,the manual restoration herbs of Festuca elata and Trifolium repens had significant differences between root length,root diameter and root surface area( P < 0. 05),however,the root characteristics of natural invasive weeds presented no significant differences,the root length,root diameter and root surface area of artificial herbs were normally higher than that of invasive herbs,and the former had smaller root diameter; There were difference or obvious differences( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01) on root length,root surface area and root biomass among Festuca elata,Trifolium repens and Duchesnea indica at different slope aspects,the distribution regularity of them presented as shady slope > sunny slope,but the other two plants showed no significant,and the three metrics of Artemisia argyi compared to the other four herbs were higher on the sunny slope than on the shady slope; There were a little difference of root diameter in different herbs under aspect conditions,and the majority concentrated around 0. 60-1. 50 mm; Aspect in highway slope had an important effect on the root biomass/shoot biomass of herbs,Duchesnea indica on shady slope had the biggest root-shoot ratio,and Artemisia argyi and Trifolium repens on sunny slope came second.( ii) Different plants affected by the biological characteristics and slope aspects had the differences of root characteristics; In five kinds of herbs,the Artemisia argyi grew better in sunny slope,Festuca elata,Trifolium repens and Duchesnea indica grew well in the slope with damp environment,Equisetum arvense had strong resistance of harsh environment,which could normally grow in each aspects of highway slope. 【Conclusion 】Comprehensively considering of root characteristics with their ecological effect,artificial herbs had the ability to adapt and to remake the harsh environments of highway slopes and better than invasive herbs.
