作 者：
霍堂斌;宋聃;刘伟;唐富江;王继隆;张澜澜;李喆;赵荣伟
单 位：
哈尔滨市水产技术推广站;黑龙江省水产技术推广总站;中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所农业农村部黑龙江流域渔业生态环境监测中心
摘 要：
为掌握松花江下游富锦江段鱼类早期资源现状和产卵场位置,于2016—2018年6—7月对富锦江段进行鱼类早期资源调查。调查期间共采集鱼卵8916粒,仔鱼31232尾。利用形态学和分子生物学方法,鉴定鱼卵和仔鱼共计3目7科33种,其中包括产漂流性卵和浮性卵鱼类12种。2016—2018年调查期间,估算通过富锦断面的鱼卵径流量分别为85.58×10~8粒、57.43×10~8粒和60.51×10~8粒。优势种为贝氏?(Hemiculter bleekeri)、潘氏鳅鮀(Gobiobotia pappenheimi)和蛇鮈(Saurogobio dabryi),3年鱼卵径流量分别为143.35×10~8粒、15.62×10~8粒和7.19×10~8粒,3种鱼类产卵量占总产卵量的64.56%。大型产漂流性卵的鲢、翘嘴鲌和产浮性卵的鱤、鳜卵苗发生量(产卵量和鱼苗量的总和)分别为1.36×10~8粒、3.19×10~8粒、2.77×10~8粒和0.32×10~8尾。根据发育期和流速分析,鲢卵来源于桦川县嘟噜河口至代亮子江段和苏窝棚至中和村江段的产卵场。冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)结果显示,贝氏?卵漂流密度与水体透明度显著相关,鲢、翘嘴鲌和鱤卵漂流密度与水温和径流量显著相关。为了更加有效地保护松花江下游的鱼类资源,建议增加草鱼、青鱼、鲂、蒙古鲌等鱼类增殖放流数量;建立松花江流域水土流失综合防治体系,降低水土流失和水体污染对鱼类栖息生境的影响;制定水生生物多样性观测、预警、评估体系,对重点区域和重点种群进行监控,基于监测结果的科学研判,进一步调整优化松花江水生生物保护措施。
译 名：
Status of early fish resources in the Fujin section of the lower Songhua River
作 者：
HUO Tangbin;SONG Dan;LIU Wei;TANG Fujiang;WANG Jilong;ZHANG Lanlan;LI Zhe;ZHAO Rongwei;Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Heilongjiang River Basin Fishery Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair;Heilongjiang Fishery Technology Extension Center;Harbin Fisheries Technology Extension Center;
关键词：
lower Songhua River;;species composition;;density of eggs and larvae;;spawning ground
摘 要：
A survey of early fish resources in the Fujin section of the lower Songhua River was carried out to know about the status of early fish resources and the location of spawning grounds from June to July in 2016—2018. A total of 8916 eggs and 31232 larvae were collected. A total of 33 species belonging to 7 families and 3 orders were identified by morphological and molecular biological methods. Among them, 12 fish species produced drifting eggs and floating eggs. The estimated abundance of fish eggs flowed through the Fujin section was 85.58×10~8 eggs,57.43×10~8 eggs and 60.51×10~8 eggs from 2016 to 2018, respectively. The dominant species were Hemiculter bleekeri bleekeri, Gobiobotia pappenheim and Saurogobio dabryi, and the abundance of fish eggs was 143.35×10~8 eggs, 15.62×10~8 eggs and 7.19×10~8 eggs during the surveys, respectively. The spawning amount of these three dominant fishes accounted for 64.56% of the total spawning amount. The abundance of fish eggs of drifting egg fishes Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Culter alburnus, and floating egg fishes Elopichthys bambusa and Siniperca chuatsi was 1.36×10~8 eggs, 3.19×10~8 eggs, 2.77×10~8 eggs and 0.32×10~8 eggs, respectively. According to the analysis of the developmental period and flow rate, the spawning grounds of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix originated from the Dulu River estuary to the Dailiangzi River in Huachuan County and from Suwopeng to the Zhonghe Village section. Redundancy analysis results showed that the drifting density of Hemiculter bleekeri bleekeri eggs was significantly correlated with transparency and that of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Culter alburnus, and Elopichthys bambusa was significantly correlated with water temperature and flow. In order to more effectively protect the fish resources of the lower Songhua River, it was recommended to increase the releasing number of fishes such as Ctenopharpharyngodon idellus, Mylopharyngodon piceus(Richardscn), Megalobrama skolkoui(Dybowski) and Culter mongolicus mongolicus(Basilewsky); establish a comprehensive prevention and control system for soil erosion in the Songhua River Basin to reduce the impact of soil erosion and water pollution on fish habitats; develop aquatic biodiversity observation, early warning, and evaluation systems to monitor key areas and key populations. Based on the scientific research and judgment of the monitoring results, we should adjust and optimize the Songhua River aquatic life protection measures.
