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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 荔枝蝽象卵寄生蜂——平腹小蜂Anastatus sp.的生物学及其应用的研究 昆虫学报 1974 (4) 362-375
Position: Home > Articles > THE BIONOMICS OF ANASTATUS SP. AND ITS UTILIZATION FOR THE CONTROL OF LICHEE STINK BUG, TESSARATOMA PAPJLLOSA DRURY Acta Entomologica Sinica 1974 (4) 362-375

荔枝蝽象卵寄生蜂——平腹小蜂Anastatus sp.的生物学及其应用的研究

作  者：
黄明度;麦秀慧;吴伟南;蒲蛰龙
单  位：
广东省昆虫研究所
摘  要：
用蓖麻蚕卵大量繁殖平腹小蜂,每年春季在荔枝园散放,防治荔枝蝽象的效果达90％左右。这一生物防治方法,自无产阶级文化大革命以来,已陆续在广东省荔枝产区由人民公社或生产大队设寄生蜂站自繁自放、有效地抑制荔蝽的为害。 在广州,每年11月中旬以后,平腹小蜂产下的卵发育至预蛹期休眠过冬,直至来年3月中、下旬天气转暖时化蛹羽化。 成虫饲喂糖液,雄蜂寿命一般为5—10天,雌蜂30—40天;温度越高,寿命越短。成虫产卵期长,每雌一生平均产卵量为228.2粒,日平均为5.7粒。温度25—30℃,相对湿度70—80％为平腹小蜂最适宜的产卵条件。 平腹小蜂在26—28℃下,一世代经18—21天。温度、发育曲线呈罗辑斯德曲线形式,由实验数据算出的公式是相对湿度影响发育速率不显著,但在高湿下发育出来的成虫,寿命明显缩短。 除卵期外,平腹小蜂各虫态均有较强的耐低温能力,以1—2龄幼虫置于10—12℃下最适贮藏,经过六个月羽化率仍达97.3％。 平腹小蜂能行产雄孤雌生殖,人工繁殖中的性比率与光照度、温度、寄主卵粒大小及寄主胚胎发育期有关。 室内人工寄主——蓖麻蚕卵采用结冰冷藏法,经一年贮藏后的校正寄生率仍达77.7％。 人工繁殖时,采用斜格型繁蜂箱,能显著地减少雌蜂间的互相干扰现象,提高繁殖效率。
译  名：
THE BIONOMICS OF ANASTATUS SP. AND ITS UTILIZATION FOR THE CONTROL OF LICHEE STINK BUG, TESSARATOMA PAPJLLOSA DRURY
作  者：
HUANG MING-DAU MAI SIU-HUI Wu WEI-NAN Poo CHIH-LUNG(Institute of Entomology of Kwangtung Province) (Department of Biology,Sun Yatsen University)
摘  要：
Liberation of the indigenous egg-parasite, Anastatus sp. to control the lichee stink bug, Tessaratoma papillosa was proved to be highly effective through the field experiments during 1966 and 1967 in the orchards of People's Communes and this control method has been widely adopted in practice in the lichee-producing districts of the Pearl River Delta of Kwangtung Province.Anastatus sp. overwinters in prepupal stage within its host egg from mid November and the adult emerges in mid or late March of the following year. This parasite completes its life cycle at 26-28℃ between 18 and 21 days, in which the egg stage lasts 2 days, the larval stage 5-6 days, the prepupal stage 5-6 days and the pupal stage 6-7 days.The values for the velocity of development at 24-34℃ computed from the data of experiments were fitted to a temperature-velocity curve with the formula 1/y= 8.659/1+e6.449-0.2440.Humidity does not effect the velocity of development significantly, but the adults emerged from the immature stage exposed to higher humidity would have a shorter life span.The longevity of male adults fed with honey is 5-10 days while that of the female is 30-40 days. The total number of offsprings produced by one female is 228.2 in average with daily averages ranging from 5.7 to 11.3. The oviposition is concentrated within 25 days after emerging. A condition of 25-30℃ and 70-80% E. H. is favorable for oviposition of Anastatus sp.The fresh eggs of Eri-silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini are favorable host eggs for mass propagation of this parasite and the host eggs preserved in frozen condition even up to one year are still suitable for this purpose.During sexual reproduction the adults exposed to the dim light or higher temperature would produce more male individuals in the progeny. Parasitized host eggs of smaller size and the host eggs to be parasitized at the later stage of embryonic development would emerge more male individuals.The female parasites is parthenogenetic arrhenotokous.For the accumulation of large quantity of the parasites during mass propagation the larvae of first or second instar are kept in cold storage of 10-12℃. The parasites are not affected by low temperature in cold storage even up to six months and they develop quite normally when return to the suitable higher temperature.A wooden box with 416 criss-cross cells for mass propagation of Anastatus sp. was deviced.

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