作 者：
林建伟;张春晓;孙云章;翟少伟;宋凯;叶继丹
关键词：
凡纳滨对虾;鸡肉粉;氨基酸平衡;生长性能;游离氨基酸
摘 要：
本试验旨在探讨鸡肉粉完全替代鱼粉时饲料氨基酸的平衡性与对虾生长性能、体成分、血浆及肌肉游离氨基酸含量的关系。试验设2个饲料蛋白质水平,分别为40%和31%,在每个蛋白质水平下分设鱼粉组(基础饲料)、鸡肉粉组(鸡肉粉完全替代基础饲料中鱼粉)、鸡肉粉+必需氨基酸(EAA)组(鸡肉粉完全替代基础饲料中鱼粉并补充晶体EAA)、鸡肉粉+EAA+非必需氨基酸(NEAA)(鸡肉粉完全替代基础饲料中鱼粉并补充晶体EAA+NEAA)。将平均体重为(0.37±0.01)g的凡纳滨对虾随机分配到32个圆桶(150 L)中,每桶30尾,每4个桶为1组,饲喂1种饲料,每天饱食投喂3次,进行为期56 d的饲养试验。结果表明:在每一饲料蛋白质水平下,鸡肉粉+EAA组、鸡肉粉+EAA+NEAA组对虾的增重率、特定生长率均比鸡肉粉组有显著提高(P<0.05),但仍显著低于鱼粉组(P<0.05),饲料系数的变化正好与之相反;鸡肉粉+EAA+NEAA组对虾的增重率、特定生长率和饲料系数与鸡肉粉+EAA组无显著差异(P>0.05)。饲喂40%蛋白质水平饲料较饲喂31%蛋白质饲料显著提高对虾的增重率和虾体粗蛋白质含量(P<0.05),但显著降低虾体粗脂肪含量(P<0.05)。凡纳滨对虾血浆游离EAA/NEAA与饲料EAA/NEAA呈正线性关系,且血浆游离赖氨酸和苯丙氨酸含量均与特定生长率呈正相关。鸡肉粉组血浆游离蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸含量显著低于鱼粉组(P<0.05),各组对虾肌肉游离氨基酸含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此得出,在鸡肉粉完全替代鱼粉的饲料中补充晶体EAA可促进凡纳滨对虾的生长,但进一步补充晶体NEAA并没有进一步改善其生长性能。
译 名：
Effects of Complete Replacement of Fish Meal with Poultry By-Product Meal and Supplemented with Crystalline Amino Acids in Diets on Growth Performance,Body Composition,Plasma and Muscle Free Amino Acid Contents of Pacific White Shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)
作 者：
LIN Jianwei;ZHANG Chunxiao;SUN Yunzhang;ZHAI Shaowei;SONG Kai;YE Jidan;Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation;Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea,Ministry of Agriculture;
关键词：
Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei);;poultry by-product meal;;amino acid balance;;growth performance;;free amino acids
摘 要：
A 56-day feeding trial was carried out to determine the relationship betw een amino acid balance in complete replacement of fish meal( FM) with poultry by-product meal( PBM) in diets and growth performance,body composition,plasma and muscle free amino acid contents of Pacific white shrimp( Litopenaeus vannamei)w as carried out in this experiment. Tw o dietary protein levels( 31% and 40%,respectively) were designed,and four groups were arranged for each dietary protein level,which were FM group( basal diet),PBM group( complete replacement of fish meal by poultry by-product meal in the basal diet),PBM +essential amino acids( EAA)group( complete replacement of fish meal by poultry by-product meal in the basal diet supplemented with crystalline EAA) and PBM +EAA +non-essential amino acids( NEAA) group( complete replacement of fish meal by poultry by-product meal in the basal diet supplemented with crystalline EAA + NEAA),respectively. Pacific white shrimp with the average body weight of( 0. 37 ±0. 01) g were randomly divided into 32 barrels( 150 L)w ith each barrel with 30 shrimp,and 4 barrels as a group were one of eight diets. Shrimp were fed three times a day and fed to apparent satiation. The results showed as follows: for each dietary protein level,the weight gain rate( WGR) and specific gain rate( SGR) in PBM + EAA and PBM + EAA + NEAA groups were significantly higher than those in PBM group( P<0. 05),but significantly lower than those in FM group( P<0. 05); the feed conversion ratio( FCR) had the opposite result compared with WGR and SGR. No differences in WGR,SGR and FCR betw een PBM +EAA and PBM +EAA +NEAA groups were observed( P<0. 05). The shrimp fed the diets containing 40% protein level had higher WGR( P<0. 05),body crude protein content( P<0. 05),but lower body crude lipid content( P < 0. 05) compared with those shrimp fed diets containing 31% protein level. Free plasma EAA / NEAA was positively linearly correlated with the dietary EAA / NEAA,and the SGR of shrimp was positively correlated with the contents of plasma free methionine or phenylalanine. Plasma free methionine,phenylalanine and lysine contents in PBM group were significantly lower than those in FM group( P<0. 05),but there were no significant differences in muscle free amino acid contents among all groups( P>0. 05). In conclusion,feeding a diet with FM complete replacement by PBM and supplementing crystalline EAA can promote the growth of Pacific white shrimp,but does not lead to a growth comparable to feeding the whole FM diet. The diets to further supplementing crystalline NEAA do not help in improving the growth of shrimp.
