作 者：
王乐幸;刘世红;魏静;姚磊;马永涛;裴琳娜;李智锋;高华
关键词：
’瑞阳’苹果;钙;硅;果实品质;总钙;钙组分
摘 要：
旨在探究生长期叶面喷施钙、硅和钙+硅对'瑞阳'苹果果实品质、总钙含量、钙组分含量和组成比例的影响,为生产上科学补钙,改善'瑞阳'苹果果实品质提供科学依据.以5 a生'瑞阳'为试验材料,分别喷施清水、氯化钙、硝酸钙、糖醇钙、硅、氯化钙+硅、硝酸钙+硅、糖醇钙+硅,在幼果期每隔15 d喷施1次,共喷2次;在果实膨大期每隔20 d喷施1次,共喷2次;在果实成熟期喷施1次;生长期共计喷施5次.于花后120 d采样,测定果实单果质量、横纵径、果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、果皮色泽等果实品质指标,以及果实总钙含量和不同钙组分含量和所占比例.结果表明,钙、硅和钙+硅处理均可以提高果实总钙含量,且钙+硅处理的效果优于钙或硅处理,其中糖醇钙+硅处理的总钙含量最高.各处理均能提高果实中的水溶性钙、果胶酸钙以及草酸钙含量和比例,降低磷酸钙的含量和比例.果实中总钙与钙组分中水溶性钙、果胶酸钙和草酸钙含量呈正相关,且它们均与磷酸钙在含量呈负相关.在提升果实品质方面,糖醇钙+硅的处理效果最好,与对照相比,在单果质量、硬度、可溶性固形物、固酸比和a*均显著提高4.73%、20.29%、13.11%、37.33%和24.77%,可滴定酸显著降低17.65%.总钙、水溶性钙、果胶酸钙和草酸钙含量与单果质量、果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量和固酸比显著相关,而磷酸钙与果实品质的相关性与此相反.生产中建议可以通过喷施糖醇钙和硅来提高果实钙含量,改变钙组分含量和比例,改善'瑞阳'苹果果实品质.
译 名：
Effects of Exogenous Calcium and Silicon on Calcium Content and Fruit Quality of'Ruiyang'Apple
关键词：
'Ruiyang'apple%Calcium%Silicon%Fruit quality%Total calcium%Calcium components
摘 要：
This study explored the effects of foliar spraying with calcium,silicon and their compound spraying on fruit quality,total calcium,calcium component content and composition ratio of'Ruiyang'apple.The objective is to provide a scientific basis for calcium supplementation in production and im-prove fruit quality of'Ruiyang'apple.The experimental material consisted of five-year-old'Ruiy-ang'apple trees,and eight spraying treatments were applied,including clean water,calcium chloride,calcium nitrate,sugar alcohol calcium,silicon fertilizer,calcium chloride and silicon fertilizer,calcium nitrate and silicon fertilizer,sugar alcohol calcium and silicon fertilizer.Spaying of five times was con-ducted during the growth period,with two applications at the young fruit stage every 15 days,one ap-plication every 20 days at the fruit expansion stage and one application at fruit maturity stage.Sam-ples were collected 120 days after full bloom to determine fruit quality indexes,such as fruit mass,transverse and longitudinal diameter,fruit hardness,soluble solids,titratable acid,peel color,total cal-cium content and different calcium components.The results showed that application of calcium,sili-con fertilizer and their combination increased the total calcium content of fruits,and the combined ap-plication had better effect compared to single calcium or silicon fertilizer treatment.Among them,the treatment of calcium sorbitol and silicon fertilizer had the highest total calcium content.All treat-ments increased the content and proportion of water-soluble calcium,calcium pectinate and calcium oxalate,and reduced the content and proportion of calcium phosphate in fruits.The total calcium in fruit was positively correlated with the contents of water-soluble calcium,calcium pectinate and calci-um oxalate,but negatively correlated with the contents of calcium phosphate.In terms of fruit quality improvement,sugar alcohol calcium and silicon fertilizer treatment had the best effect,with fruit mass,hardness,soluble solids,a value and solid acid ratio significantly increased by 4.73%,20.29%,13.11%,37.33%and 24.77%,respectively,compared with the clean water,and titratable acid signifi-cantly decreased by 17.65%.The contents of total calcium,water-soluble calcium,calcium pectinate and calcium oxalate were significantly correlated with fruit mass,fruit hardness,soluble solid content and solid-acid ratio,while the correlation between calcium phosphate and fruit quality was opposite.In production,it is suggested that the calcium content of fruit can be increased by spraying sugar alcohol calcium and silicon fertilizer,and the content and proportion of calcium component can be changed to improve the fruit quality of'Ruiyang'apple.
