Position: Home > Articles > 东北红豆杉保护区典型植物群落物种多样性特征
Forestry and Ecological Sciences
2025,40
(1)
73-82
东北红豆杉保护区典型植物群落物种多样性特征
作 者：
刘学;刁云飞;张苏
单 位：
黑龙江省生态研究所
关键词：
东北红豆杉保护区;典型植物群落;物种组成
摘 要：
典型植物群落具有重要的生态功能。通过分析东北红豆杉保护区典型植物群落物种多样性与结构差异，拟为保护区植被的可持续利用提供科学依据。参照森林生态系统长期定位观测研究站建设规范，于2023年在东北红豆杉国家级自然保护区的阔叶红松林内建立了5块40 m×40 m的固定监测样地，以5种典型植物群落即落叶松林（ML1）、蒙古栎林（ML2）、白桦阔叶林（ML3）、针阔混交林（ML4）和阔叶红松林（ML5）为研究对象，通过不同植被演替阶段群落调查了样地内胸径大于1 cm的木本植物，初步分析5种植物群落组成和种群结构的变化。5种典型植被群落共调查到木本植物43种，隶属于16科29属。ML1样地共监测木本植物18种，274株成活个体；ML2样地共监测木本植物11种，466株成活个体；ML3样地共监测木本植物32种，1 531株成活个体；ML4样地共监测木本植物12种，1 237株成活个体；ML5样地共监测木本植物13种，310株成活个体。植物个体数从多到少依次为ML3>ML4>ML2>ML5>ML1。5种典型植物群落中胸径大于1cm的木本植物胸高断面积之和分别为24.48、26.99、24.80、34.58、40.91 m2/hm2,平均胸径从大到小依次为ML5（10.37cm）>ML2（9.32 cm）>ML1（6.78 cm）>ML4（4.77 cm）>ML3（3.52 cm）,胸高断面积从大到小为ML5>ML4>ML2>ML3>ML1。ML1样地的优势种为落叶松和黑桦，ML2样地的优势种为蒙古栎，ML3样地的优势种为白桦和髭脉槭，ML4样地的优势种为臭冷杉、簇毛槭和青楷槭。ML5样地的优势种为红松、紫椴和花楷槭。从物种相对密度、相对频度、相对优势度和重要值分析来看，群落优势种群差异明显，随着演替的进行，木本植物种类逐步减少、胸高断面积显著增加。
关键词：
Taxus cuspidata conservation areas%typical plant communities%species composi-tion
摘 要：
Typical plant communities have important ecological functions.By analyzing the species diversity and structure differences of typical plant communities in Taxus cuspidata conservation areas in northeast China,this paper provides scientific basis for the sustainable use of vegetation in the areas.According to the construction specification of the long-term positioning forest ecosystem observation station,five 40×40 m fixed monitoring plots were established in broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Taxus cuspidata conservation areas in 2023.With five typical plant communities,Larix gmelinii forest(ML1),Quercus mongoli-ca forest(ML2),Betula platy phylla broad-leaved forest(ML3),broad-leaved forest(ML4)and broad-leaved Pinus koraiensis forest(ML5)as the research objects,woody plants with diameter more than 1cm were investigated through the communities of different vegetation succession stages,and the changes in community composition and population structure of the five plants were preliminarily analyzed.The results showed that there are five main types of vegetation communities in this area,with 43 species of woody plants in the five communities belonging to 16 families and 29 genera.274 surviving individuals of 18 spe-cies were monitored in ML1 plots,466 surviving individuals of 11 species in ML2 plots,1531 surviving individuals of 32 species in ML3 plots,1 237 surviving individuals of 12 species in ML4 plots,and 310 surviving individuals of 13 species in ML5 plots.The number of plant individuals ranked in the order of ML3＞ML4＞ML2＞ML5＞ML1.The sum of thoracic height basal area of woody plants with DBH more than 1 cm was 24.48,26.99,24.80,34.58 and 40.91 m2/hm2,respectively.The average DBH ranked in the order of ML5(10.37 cm)＞ML2(9.32 cm)＞ML1(6.78 cm)＞ML4(4.77 cm)＞ML3(3.52 cm),and the thoracic height basal area ranked in the order of ML5＞ML4＞ML2＞ML3＞ML1.The dominant species in the ML1 plot are Larix gmelinii and Betula dahurica,Quercus mongoli-ca in the ML2 plot,Betula platy phylla and Acer barbinerve in the ML3 plot,Abies nephro-lepis,Acer barbinerve and Acer tegmentosum in the ML4 plot,and Pinus koraiensis,Tilia amurensis and Acer ukurunduense in ML5 plot.From the analysis of species relative density,relative frequency,relative dominance and important values,community-dominant popula-tions differ significantly.With the succession proceeding,the woody plant species decrease gradually and the thoracic height basal area increases significantly.
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