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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 长江口九段沙水域中华绒螯蟹汛期特征及影响因子 中国水产科学 2013 (3) 614-623
Position: Home > Articles > 长江口九段沙水域中华绒螯蟹汛期特征及影响因子 Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 2013 (3) 614-623

长江口九段沙水域中华绒螯蟹汛期特征及影响因子

作  者：
刘凯;汤滔;段金荣;徐东坡;张敏莹;周彦锋;方弟安;施炜纲
单  位：
农业部长江下游渔业资源环境重点野外科学观测试验站;中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所
关键词：
九段沙;中华绒螯蟹;渔汛;水温;潮汛
摘  要：
对长江口九段沙水域中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)洄游群体渔获规格及汛期特征进行了调查研究.2006-2011年单船全汛期捕捞量为93.3-769.5 kg,年均值为481.5 kg;日均捕捞量为6.2-26.5 kg,均值为18.5 kg;总捕蟹个数为984-7547只,均值为4 129只;平均体质量为89.5-114.5 g/ind,均值为100.7 g/ind;雄蟹比例为65.80%-80.54%,均值为74.35%;2006-2011年单船全汛期捕捞量呈波动上升趋势,峰值出现于2010年;平均体质量则先升后降,峰值出现于2008年.各年汛期内最高日捕捞量基本出现于12月初,其中最早出现于11月24日(2009年),最晚出现于12月12日(2010年).初汛期、旺汛期和尾汛期捕捞量比例分别为4.25%-38.48%、37.92%-72.81%和1.77%-34.00%.各年汛期内初汛期渔获物中大规格个体所占比例较高,雄蟹比例显著高于雌蟹;随着汛期后延,小规格个体的数量逐渐增多,总体渔获规格呈下降趋势,同时雌蟹比例逐渐增加,雌雄比例相对接近.水温和潮汛与捕捞量关系密切,通常水温降至13℃附近时开始进入旺汛期,各年份最高日捕捞量对应的水温介于10℃至13.5℃之间,平均为11.7℃;调查期间小潮期捕捞量占汛期总捕捞量的比例显著高于大潮期,其中小潮期捕捞量比例最高为95.79%(2008年),最低为73.41%(2010年).
单  位：
LIU Kai1,2,TANG Tao2,DUAN Jinrong1,XU Dongpo1,ZHANG Minying1,ZHOU Yanfeng1,FANG Dian1,SHI Weigang1 Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture%Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,WuXi214081,China%Fishey Machinery and Instrument Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishey Sciences,hang hai 20092,China
关键词：
Jiuduansha tidal island%Eriocheir sinensis%fishing season%water temperature%tide
摘  要：
We evaluated the harvest characteristics of migrating groups of Eriocheir sinensis during the fishing season in Jiuduansha,Yangtze River estuary,between 2006 and 2011.The annual yield ranged from 93.3 to769.5 kg/ship(mean: 481.5 kg);the average daily catch ranged from 6.2 to 26.5 kg(mean: 18.5 kg);the total number of crabs captured ranged from 984 to 7 547(mean: 4 129);the average individual weight ranged from 89.5 to 114.5 g/ind(mean: 100.7 g/ind);the percentage of male crabs ranged from 65.80% to 80.54%(mean: 74.35%);and the average yield of the ships tended to fluctuate among seasons,but generally increased over time with a peak in 2010.The average harvest weight declined after initially increasing,and peaked in 2008.The maximal daily catch generally occurred in early December,but was as early as November 24(in 2009) and as late as December 12(in 2010).The percentages of fishing occurring in the early fishing season,peak fishing season,and late fishing sea-son ranged from 4.25%–38.48%,37.92%–72.81%,and 1.77%–34.00%,respectively.At the beginning of fishing season,the large crabs constituted a higher percentage of the catch and male crabs were more abundant than fe-males.However,the quantity of small crabs in the harvest increased and the size of crabs tended to decrease over time during the seasons.Furthermore,the percentage of female crabs in the harvest increased during the season,resulting in a similar total harvest of male and female crabs.The total catch was significantly correlated to water temperature and tides.Typically speaking,the peak fishing season period starts when the water temperature reaches -13℃ and the maximal daily catch occurs in temperatures ranging from 10–13.5℃(mean: 11.7℃).The majority of harvest occurred during low tides(maximum: 95.79% in 2008,minimum: 73.41% in 2010).

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