关键词：
气温波动;苹果花期;积温;洛川县;安塞区
摘 要：
为了提升苹果花期气象预报水平,利用延安市洛川县、安塞区多年苹果物候和气象数据,分析气温对苹果开花时间的影响.结果表明,延安苹果初花日出现在4月中下旬,南北差异10 d左右.同一地区年际间苹果初花日相差15 d.洛川县、安塞区稳定通过3、10℃日期和积温比较接近,用以分析预报苹果花期比较适合.48 h内最低气温下降8℃以上,最低气温≤4℃的天气确定为剧烈降温过程,一次降温天气可延迟花期3~6 d.在持续10 d以上的时间段,平均气温达到15℃以上,且高出同时期历年平均气温4℃或以上的天气过程,确定为催花高温过程.高温可促使苹果提早5 d开花.利用积温预报苹果花期,要重点关注稳定通过3、10℃日期和积温的累积过程、出现剧烈降温和高温天气,这些指标对花期有明显影响.
作 者：
LEI Yan-peng;SUN Zhi-hui;CAO Xue-mei;LIU Zhi-chao;Meteorological Bureau of Yan'an;
单 位：
LEI Yan-peng%SUN Zhi-hui%CAO Xue-mei%LIU Zhi-chao%Meteorological Bureau of Yan'an
关键词：
temperature fluctuations;;apple flowering period;;accumulated temperature;;Luochuan county;;Ansai district
摘 要：
Analysis the effects of temperature on apple flowering time by using apple phenology and meteorological data of Luochuan county and Ansai district of Yan'an city for many years to improve the level of weather forecast of apple flowering period.The results show that the apple initial flowering day in Yan'an is in mid-to-late April,and the difference between North and South is about 10 days.The initial flowering day of apple can vary by 15 days between years in the same area.The date and the accumulated temperature to steadily passed 3 ℃,10 ℃ are similar in Luochuan county and Ansai district,which are suitable for analyzing apple flowering period.Within 48 hours,the minimum temperature decrease by more than 8℃,and the weather with minimum temperature ≤4 ℃ is determined to be a severe cooling process.A cooling weather could delay the flowering period by 3～6 d.The weather process is identified as flower forcing high temperature process,when the temperatures averaging above 15 ℃ for more than 10 days,higher than the average annual temperature of 4 ℃ or above.High temperatures can prompt apples to bloom 5 days earlier.In order to predict the flowering period of apple by accumulated temperature,we should pay attention to the accumulation process of stable passage through 3 ℃,10 ℃ date and accumulated temperature,and severe cooling and high temperature weather,which have obvious influence on flowering period.
