关键词：
园林废弃物堆肥;生物炭;滨海盐碱土;淋溶
摘 要：
针对滨海盐碱土盐碱化程度高、盐分毒害突出的问题,采取室内淋溶脱盐试验,探究生物炭和园林废弃物堆肥对滨海盐碱土淋溶脱盐的影响。将生物炭、园林废弃物堆肥按照不同的质量比进行4组处理(0%-CK处理、2%生物炭-B处理、5%园林废弃物堆肥-G处理、2%生物炭和5%园林绿化废弃物堆-BG处理),通过6次淋溶后监测EC值、p H值及水溶性离子(Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)和HCO_3~-)的质量分数,确定生物炭和园林废弃物堆肥对滨海盐渍化土壤淋溶脱盐的影响。结果表明:1)淋溶脱盐过程中各组淋溶液的EC值呈下降并逐渐趋于稳定的趋势,但盐碱土中添加生物炭和园林废弃物堆肥后盐分淋溶的速率会显著提高。2)淋溶液的p H值以及HCO_3~-分量分数呈先上升后保持平稳的趋势,G处理和CK处理的变化趋势类似,但是升高幅度较小,添加生物炭的处理(B和BG)的变化幅度较小。3)不同处理下淋溶后土壤的p H值存在显著的差异,p H值大小顺序为B> CK> BG> G。4)与对照组相比,淋溶后土壤的EC值从0. 41 m S/cm降低到0. 20～0. 27 m S/cm,SAR值从3. 28降低到1. 19～2. 03,Cl~-的分量分数从0. 30 g/kg降低到0. 13～0. 19 g/kg。向滨海盐碱土中添加生物炭和园林废弃物堆肥,可以提高洗盐效率(加入5%园林废弃物堆肥淋溶速率最大),明显降低EC值、SAR值以及Cl~-的分量分数,显著降低土壤中盐分的质量分数,并且减轻滨海盐碱土在淋溶脱盐过程中的碱化现象。
译 名：
Effects of adding biochar and compost on the leaching of coastal saline-alkali soil
作 者：
ZHOU Wenzhi;SUN Xiangyang;LI Suyan;ZHANG Le;The College of Forestry,Beijing Forestry University;
关键词：
green waste compost;;biochar;;coastal saline-alkali soil;;leaching
摘 要：
[Background]Zhongjie Farm is located in Huanghua city,Hebei province. The soil in this area is mostly salinized soil. The soil structure is poor,the nutrient is poor,and the soluble salt content is high,which is not conducive to the development of local agroforestry. In order to solve the problem of high salinity and salinity of coastal saline-alkali soil,the surface soil( 0-20 cm) of Zhongjie Farm was selected,and the indoor leaching and desalination test method was adopted to investigate the effects of biochar and garden waste compost on leaching and desalting of coastal saline-alkali soil. [Methods]Biochar and garden waste compost were treated according to different mass ratios( 0% as CK treatment,2% biochar as B treatment,5% garden waste compost as G treatment,2% biocharplus 5% garden waste compost as BG treatment). Using deionized water as a water source,intermittent irrigation was used to simulate natural rainfall. The Electrical condunctivity( EC) value,pH value and concentration of watersoluble ions( Na+,Cl-,SO24-and HCO3-) of the leaching solution after 6 times of leaching were detected. In addition,after the leaching,the EC value of the soil,the pH values of Na+,Ca2 +,Mg2 +,Cl-and SO24-were detected Dual-indicator neutralization titration method for CO23-and HCO3-,silver nitrate titration method-Moore method for Cl-,EDTA titration method for Ca2 +and Mg2 +,indirect EDTA complexometric titration for SO24-,and flame photometry for K+and Na+. Sodium adsorption ratio( SAR) value was calculated. [Results]1) During the leaching and desalting process,the pH of the solution from B treatment decreased from 8. 28 to 8. 37,and the p H of the G treatment increased from7. 67 to 8. 24. The pH change trend of CK and BG treatments was close to a gradual upward trend. The EC values of each group showed a downward trend and gradually became stable. 2) The concentrations of Na+,Cl-and SO24-in the leaching solution showed a decreasing trend,and the decreasing rates of B,G and BG treatments were significantly greater than those in CK treatment. The content of HCO3-increased and then remained stable. The trend of G treatment and CK treatment was similar,but the increment was small,and the change of biochar treatment( B and BG) was small. 3) There was a significant difference in the p H value of the soil after leaching under different treatments. The order of pH value was B > CK >BG > G,and the pH of G treatment was the most obvious in 8. 45. 4) Compared with CK,the EC value of the soil after leaching decreased from 0. 41 m S/cm to 0. 20-0. 27 m S/cm,the SAR( sodium absorption ration) value decreased from 3. 28 to 1. 19-2. 03,and the Cl-content decreased from 0. 30 g/kg to 0. 13-0. 19 g/kg; The EC value,SAR value and Cl-content of BG treatment were the most obvious,which were 0. 20 m S/cm,1. 19 and 0. 13 g/kg,respectively. The decrease of SO24-content in B treatment was 0. 06 g/kg. [Conclusions] Adding biochar and garden waste compost to the coastal saline-alkali soil can not only significantly improve salt washing efficiency,but also reduce soil EC value and SAR. And it can reduce the content of Na+,the content of Cl-,and the total salt content in the soil.The mixed application effect of the two materials is better than that of sole application,and the addition of garden waste compost reduces the alkalization phenomenon of the coastal saline-alkali soil during leaching and desalination.
