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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 山西冬小麦作物需水量近45年变化特征 安徽农业科学 2009,37 (16) 78-81
Position: Home > Articles > Study on Characteristics of Winter Wheat Water Requirements in 45 years in Shanxi Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences 2009,37 (16) 78-81

山西冬小麦作物需水量近45年变化特征

作  者：
武永利;刘文平;马雅丽;班胜林
单  位：
山西省气候中心
关键词：
山西省;作物需水量;冬小麦;缺水量
摘  要：
[目的]研究冬小麦生态需水量随气候变化的响应机制。[方法]利用1961~2005年山西冬小麦产区各县的气象资料和区域各农业气象观测站观测资料,根据区域冬小麦物候规律将山西冬小麦区分为5个区域,采用FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith公式结合作物系数,分别计算5个区的冬小麦作物需水量,并结合同期降水量,分析各发育期冬小麦作物的需水、缺水变化规律,需水、缺水年际变化特征。[结果]结果表明,山西冬小麦各区域作物需水量在436.1~446.0 mm之间,表现出由轻旱-干旱-重旱区域作物需水量逐渐增加的趋势;以抽穗~灌浆期需水强度最大,冬前分蘖期和春季的拔节~灌浆期需水最为关键;生态缺水量平均为260 mm,缺水率在60%以上;各生育期返青~拔节期缺水率最大;气候变暖背景下,区域冬小麦生态需水量基本表现出下降趋势,而生态缺水率呈增加趋势,20世纪80年代需水量下降比较明显,缺水率则较小,从90年代开始随着暖干化趋势明显,作物缺水率也日益严重。[结论]抓好关键期水分利用、优化灌溉制度对提高冬小麦产量非常重要。
译  名：
Study on Characteristics of Winter Wheat Water Requirements in 45 years in Shanxi
作  者：
WU Yong-li et al(Shanxi Climate Center,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030006)
关键词：
Shanxi Province;Crop water requirement;Winter wheat;Water shortage
摘  要：
[Objective] The purpose of this research was to study the response mechanism of ecological water requirements of winter wheat with climate change.[Method] Based on the meteorological data and the agrometeorological observation data in 1961-2005 at the meteorological and agrometeorological observation station of winter wheat producing counties in Shanxi,winter wheat water requirements in five winter wheat regions divided by phenology law in Shanxi were computed by using Penman-Monteith formula FAO recommended and Crop coefficient,and the changes of winter wheat water requirements and shortage in different growth period and interannual variability were analyzed.[Result]The results showed that winter wheat water requirements in Shanxi were between 436.1 mm and 446.0 mm,gradually increased by the light drought-drought-severe drought region.The winter wheat water requirements intensity from heading stage to grainfilling stage was the biggest,the most important period was tillering stage before winter and from the jointing stage to the grainfilling stage.Ecological water shortage was about 260 mm,the ratio was more than 60%,the water shortage ratio during green-turning stage and jointing stage was biggest.On the background of climate warming of global and China,the trend of regional winter wheat water requirements was descend and shortage was increase.Water requirements declined obviously in the last century 80′s,so the water shortage rate was small.Crop water shortage was serious in the last century 90′s when the climate became warming and drying obviously.[Conclusion] Paying more attention to water utilization in the key periods of wheat growing and optimizing the irrigation system is very improving for improving winter wheat yield.

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