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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 秸秆促腐还田对土壤养分和小麦产量的影响 土壤 2012,44 (1) 30-35
Position: Home > Articles > Effects of Returning Rice Straw into Field on Soil Nutrients and Wheat Yields Under Promoting Decay Condition Soils 2012,44 (1) 30-35

秸秆促腐还田对土壤养分和小麦产量的影响

作  者：
马超;周静;郑学博;刘满强;李辉信;姜中山;王维国
单  位：
中国科学院南京土壤研究所;南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院;霍邱县种植业发展局
关键词：
秸秆还田;腐秆剂;沿淮地区;土壤养分;小麦产量
摘  要：
利用布置在沿淮地区的两处田间试验,通过设计单施化肥(F)、单施化肥基础上加施秸秆(SF)、单施化肥基础上加施秸秆和腐秆剂(SFD)、单施化肥基础上减施20%磷钾肥(按P2O5和K2O计)后加施秸秆和腐秆剂(SF4/5D)和不施肥对照(CK)5个处理,研究秸秆促腐还田对沿淮中低产田土壤养分和小麦产量的影响。结果表明:不同处理小麦产量规律在水稻土上为SFD>SF>F>SF4/5D>CK,其中SFD较F有显著差异(P<0.05),在砂姜黑土上为SF>F>SFD>SF4/5D>CK,其中SF与F相比有显著差异(P<0.05);不同处理土壤全氮和碱解氮含量在水稻土上以SFD处理最高,在砂姜黑土上以SF处理最高,处理间无显著差异;不同处理土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾和缓效钾含量在水稻土上以SFD最高,与F相比差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),在砂姜黑土上以SF最高,处理间无显著差异;两种土壤上处理SF4/5D与处理F相比,小麦产量和土壤养分元素含量均无显著差异(P<0.05)。从而得出以下结论:在腐秆剂品种选择恰当的条件下,秸秆与化肥配施并添加腐秆剂的秸秆促腐还田方式可以有效提高土壤肥力和作物当季产量,即使在单施化肥基础上减施20%磷钾肥(按P2O5和K2O计),也不会影响该处理的培肥和增产效果。
译  名：
Effects of Returning Rice Straw into Field on Soil Nutrients and Wheat Yields Under Promoting Decay Condition
作  者：
MA Chao1,2,ZHOU Jing2,ZHENG Xue-bo2,LIU Man-qiang1,LI Hui-xin1,JIANG Zhong-shan3,WANG Wei-guo3(1 College of Resources and Environmental Science,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;2 Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;3 Huoqiu Crop Production Development Bureau,Huoqiu,Anhui 237400,China)
关键词：
Returning straw into field,Residues decay promoting microorganisms,Huaihe river region,Soil nutrients,Wheat yields
摘  要：
A field experiment was conducted at two sites(Huoqiu and Guzhen county) along Huaihe river to study the effects of returning rice straw on the soil nutrients and wheat yields under different promoting decay conditions.Treatments were:(1) only inorganic fertilizer(F),(2) combining rice straw and inorganic fertilizer(SF),(3) combining rice straw,residues decay promoting microorganisms and inorganic fertilizer(SFD),(4) combining rice straw,residues decay promoting microorganisms and less inorganic fertilizer(SF4/5D),and(5) no fertilizer control(CK).The results obtained were listed as follows:(1) The treatment of SFD could significantly increase wheat yields in Huoqiu experimental site(P<0.05) compared with the treatment of F,while it was SF,but not SDF had the similar effects in Guzhen experimental site.(2) In addition,compared with the treatment of F,the treatment of SFD could significantly increase soil organic matter,available phosphorus(P<0.05) and so on in Huoqiu experimental site.(3) When reduced the content of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer,the effect of the treatment which combining rice straw,residues decay promoting microorganisms and less inorganic fertilizer(SF4/5D) did not decrease significantly in two experimental sites compared with the treatment of F.In conclusion,returning rice straw into field under promoting condition could increase soil nutrients and wheat yields effectively,when the residues decay promoting microorganisms choose proper.And even if reducing the contents of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to 80%,the measure still had yield-increasing effects.

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