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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 云南剑湖鱼类多样性变化与区系演变 生态学杂志 2018 (12) 3691-3700
Position: Home > Articles > Fish diversity change and fauna evolution in Jianhu Lake,Yunnan,China Chinese Journal of Ecology 2018 (12) 3691-3700

云南剑湖鱼类多样性变化与区系演变

作  者：
陈国柱;金锦锦;张方方;仇玉萍;张贇;李志军;李泽辉
单  位：
西南林业大学;云南省剑川县剑湖湿地省级自然保护区保护管理局
关键词：
剑湖;鱼类区系;入侵种;土著种;濒危物种
摘  要：
云南剑湖鱼类是许多候鸟的重要食物来源,其群落物种的变化对湿地生态系统结构与功能产生重要影响。为了解当前剑湖鱼类群落物种组成现状及揭示剑湖与相关区域鱼类区系同质化趋势,本研究对剑湖鱼类进行了调查。结果表明:剑湖迄今共记录鱼类物种24种,其中土著物种9种,外来物种15种,而现存物种共计20种,功能性灭绝土著物种4种;首次正式记录的外来物种共计8种,确认濒危种云南裂腹鱼(Schizothorax yunnanensis)仍有分布;外来种中来自长江中下游的物种共计11种,占73.3%;起源于国内的共计13种,占86.7%;在原土著群落中,属科多样性指数(G-F)为0.45,现今则仅为0.26,表明随外来鱼类的入侵,该湖鱼类群落从种级分化强烈的特点转变为种级物种分化单调的特点;剑湖与邻近多个高原湖泊鱼类区系从历史时期较低的相似性到现今明显上升,且与长江中下游主要湖泊鱼类群落物种组成的相似性上升达临界显著水平(P=0.05),其鱼类区系已演变为以江河平原区系成分为主体;鱼类个体生态学矩阵分析表明,外来入侵鱼类生境需求与土著鱼类生境需求类似,两者竞争激烈。
译  名：
Fish diversity change and fauna evolution in Jianhu Lake,Yunnan,China
作  者：
CHEN Guo-zhu;JIN Jin-jin;ZHANG Fang-fang;QIU Yu-ping;ZHANG Yun;LI Zhi-jun;LIZe-hui;National Positioning Research Station for Dianchi Wetland Ecosystem;College of Wetlands/National Plateau Wetland Research Center,Southwest Forestry University;Jianchuan Provincial Wetland Protection Administration;
单  位：
CHEN Guo-zhu%JIN Jin-jin%ZHANG Fang-fang%QIU Yu-ping%ZHANG Yun%LI Zhi-jun%LIZe-hui%National Positioning Research Station for Dianchi Wetland Ecosystem%College of Wetlands/National Plateau Wetland Research Center,Southwest Forestry University%Jianchuan Provincial Wetland Protection Administration
关键词：
Jianhu Lake;;fish fauna;;invasive species;;endemic species;;endangered species
摘  要：
Fishes in Yunnan Jianhu Lake are important food sources for many migratory birds.Changes in fish species composition have significant impacts on structure and function of wetlandecosystems. In this study, we investigated fishes in Jianhu Lake to understand the composition offish community and the homogenization of fish fauna between Jianhu Lake and its related areas. Atotal of 24 fish species were historically recorded in Jianhu Lake, including nine indigenous spe-cies and 15 alien species. 20 species still existed, and four indigenous species were functionallyextinct. Eight alien species were recorded for the first time. It was confirmed that the endangeredspeciesSchizothorax yunnanensiswas still distributed. Among all the alien species, 11 specieswere from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, accounting for 73.3% of the total;and 13 species originated from China, accounting for 86.7%. The genus and family diversityindex(G-F) was 0.45 in the original indigenous community, but the current value was only0.26, indicating that the fish community differentiation in the lake has changed from complex tosimple with the invasion of exotic fish. The fish fauna similarity between Jianhu Lake and severaladjacent plateau lakes has obviously increased. Moreover, the similarity of species compositionbetween Jianhu Lake and main lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River hasreached a significant level(P= 0.05). The fish fauna in Jianhu Lake has evolved into one dominated by the main component of the river plain. Results from the individual ecology matrix analy-sis showed that the habitat requirements were similar between alien species and indigenous species, with strong competition.

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