关键词：
人工模拟降雨;泻溜侵蚀;坡积体;侵蚀过程;渗透特征
摘 要：
为了探究泻溜红土坡积体的侵蚀过程和入渗特征,采用人工模拟降雨方法,设定16. 1、29. 3、40. 5和51. 3mm/h共4种降雨强度,测定分析4种降雨强度下产流产沙量和入渗速率。4种降雨强度产生的产流总量分别为2 250、5 174、10 036和17 612 cm3;产沙总量从小到大依次为290 g (16. 1 mm/h)<620 g (29. 3 mm/h)<780 g (40. 5mm/h)<810 g (51. 3 mm/h);产沙量达到峰值所需时间分别是26、20、18和16 min,径流所携带的泥沙趋于稳定所需时间分别是34、32、30和26 min;平均入渗速率分别为0. 22、0. 37、0. 44和0. 45 mm/min,稳渗速率分别为0. 19、0. 32、0. 38和0. 39 mm/min。随着降雨强度的增加,产流量、产沙量、入渗速率逐渐增加,但稳渗速率增加的趋势不明显,稳定产流产沙所需时间逐渐缩短。本研究结果可为红土泻溜侵蚀的防治和泻溜红土坡积体的改良利用提供指导。
译 名：
Erosion process and infiltration features of red soil slumping slope sediment under artificial simulated rainfall condition
作 者：
CHAI Yafan;ZHOU Bo;L Wenqiang;WU Yufeng;Soil and Water Conservation Institute of Gansu;
关键词：
artificial simulated rainfall;;red soil slumping erosion;;slope sediment;;erosion process;;infiltration features
摘 要：
[Background]Erosion of red soil is one of the serious forms of soil erosion in the gully region of the Loess Plateau. However,the erosion characteristics of the sloping erosion and the infiltration of the slope are not studied in depth. It is of great significance to further explore its erosion process and permeability for preventing the erosion of red soil. [Methods] Test materials from the shady slope and the sunny slope of Tianjiagou watershed in Gansu province were collected, and filled into the experimental trough tank at 10 degree as similar to natural dump status as possible. Four rainfall intensities of 16. 1,29. 3,40. 5,and 51. 3 mm/h were set by simulated artificial rainfall Norton 8100 from USA,3 times of experiment were repeated for each rainfall intensity,thus total 12 experiments were conducted. Runoff period, rainfall duration, runoff yield, average runoff rate, runoff coefficient,sediment yield,average sediment rate,and infiltration rate were recorded and calculated. The data was processed by Excel 2007. [Results]For the erosion process of the red soil slumping slope sediment,the total runoff generated under 4 rainfall intensities( 16. 1,29. 3,40. 5,and 51. 3 mm/h) was 2 250,5 174,10 036,and 17 612 cm3,respectively. The total amount of sediment production increased gradually from 290 g( in 16. 1 mm/h) to 810 g( in 51. 3 mm/h),which expressed as follows 290 g( in16. 1 mm/h) < 620 g( in 29. 3 mm/h) < 780 g( in 40. 5 mm/h) < 810 g( in 51. 3 mm/h). The time required for reaching peak sediment was shortened from 26 min to 16 min,which were 26,20,18 and 16 min,respectively. The time required for sediment reaching stabilization in the runoff showed similar changes with the time required for reaching peak sediment,which were 34,32,30 and 26 min,respectively,and the average infiltration rates were 0. 22,0. 37,0. 44,and 0. 45 mm/min,respectively,and steady infiltration rates gradually increased,and appeared as from 0. 19 to 0. 39 mm/min.[Conclusions] As rainfall intensity increases,the runoff,sediment yield,and infiltration rate under different rainfall intensity of the red soil slumping slope sediment increase gradually,while the trend of increasing the rate of steady infiltration is not obvious,and the time required for stable production and sediment production is gradually shortened. In addition to this,the conclusions of this study may provide guidance for the prevention and control of erosive erosion and improvement of the red soil slumping slope sediment.
