作 者：
杨琪雪;潘换换;吴树荣;杜自强;张红;武志涛
单 位：
山西大学资源与环境学院;山西大学黄土高原研究所
关键词：
生态环境敏感性;土壤侵蚀;土壤沙化;人为干扰;煤田;山西
摘 要：
煤田生态作为一种典型的人为扰动生态系统,在促进经济发展中发挥着重要的作用,也为维持生态系统稳定提供强有力的支撑。开展煤田生态环境敏感性评价是实现煤田分区管制的重要途径之一。本文以山西省六大煤田为例,采用GIS空间分析技术,从地形地质条件、生境、水资源环境、人为干扰等方面选取指标,构建煤田生态敏感性评价指标体系与评价模型,对六大煤田的水土流失敏感性、土壤沙化敏感性、人为扰动3个方面进行生态环境敏感性等级评价与空间分布特征分析。结果表明:(1)六大煤田土壤侵蚀敏感性中,不敏感、轻度、中度和重度敏感4个等级中结果占比依次为:18.7%、43.4%、25.6%和12.3%,引起土壤侵蚀敏感性高的原因是区域土壤类型以砂土、粉土为主,降水相对集中,地形起伏大,水力侵蚀较强。(2)中度和重度土地沙化敏感区占比10.4%和3.8%,形成原因多是冬春季节常年大风,降水少,地表干旱,土壤质地多为沙粒,植被覆盖度低。(3)煤田环境受人为干扰的轻度、重度和完全干扰面积占比分别为36.4%、38.2%和11.1%,宁武煤田北部、沁水煤田东南部、大同煤田南部受人为干扰的程度表现为完全干扰型,干扰景观类型是城乡居民建设用地、工矿用地、其他建设用地等,主要分布在城市及其周边区域。(4)生态环境综合敏感性轻度、中度、重度敏感区分别占研究区面积的20.3%、36.4%和11.1%,不敏感区占20.3%,敏感性等级高的区域主要分布在宁武煤田北部、大同煤田东南部、沁水煤田北部和东北部。研究结果可为煤田开发利用和生态保护提供数据支撑和科学依据。
译 名：
GIS Based Eco-environment Sensitivity Assessment of Coal Fields in Shanxi Province
作 者：
YANG Qixue;PAN Huanhuan;WU Shurong;DU Ziqiang;ZHANG Hong;WU Zhitao;College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi University;Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University;
关键词：
eco-environment sensitivity;;soil erosion;;soil desertification;;human disturbance;;coal field;;Shanxi
摘 要：
As a typical human disturbed ecosystem, coal field not only plays an important role in promoting economic development, but also provides strong support for maintaining the stability of ecosystem. Evaluation of ecological environment sensitivity in coal field is one of the main ways to realize the regional control of coal field. Taking six coal fields in Shanxi Province as examples, this paper adopted GIS spatial analysis technology to select indexes from topographical and geological conditions, habitat, water resources environment, human disturbance and other aspects, and constructed the evaluation index system and evaluation model of ecological sensitivity of coal fields. Based on the three factors of soil erosion sensitivity, soil desertification sensitivity and human disturbance in the six coal fields, the ecological environment sensitivity level evaluation and spatial distribution characteristics analysis were carried out. The results showed that:(1) among the soil erosion sensitivity of the six major coal fields, the proportion of the four grades of insensitivity, mild sensitivity,moderate sensitivity and severe sensitivity was: 18.7%, 43.4%, 25.6% and 12.3%, respectively; the high sensitivity of soil erosion was caused by sandy soil and silt soil, relatively concentrated precipitation, large topographic relief and strong hydraulic erosion;(2) the sensitive areas of moderate and severe land desertification accounted for 10.4% and 3.8%, which were mainly caused by perennial gale in winter and spring, low precipitation, dry surface, mostly sandy soil texture and low vegetation coverage;(3) the proportion of mild, severe and complete disturbance areas in the coal field environment was 36.4%, 38.2% and 11.1%respectively; the degree of human disturbance in the northern part of Ningwu coal field, the southeastern part of Qinshui coal field and the southern part of Datong coal field showed complete human disturbance type, and the disturbance landscape types were urban and rural construction land, industrial and mining land, and other construction land, which were mainly distributed in the city and its surrounding areas;(4) the areas with mild,moderate and severe comprehensive eco-environmental sensitivity accounted for 20.3%, 36.4% and 11.1% of the total study area respectively, and the areas with non-sensitivity accounted for 20.3%, and the areas with high sensitivity were mainly distributed in the north of Ningwu coal field, the southeast of Datong coal field, the north and northeast of Qinshui coal field. The research results could provide data support and a scientific basis for the development and utilization of mining area and ecological protection.
