单 位：
中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部面源污染控制重点实验室;沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所
关键词：
干湿状况;土壤温度;干燥度指数;时空变化
摘 要：
土壤温度和干湿状况是表征土壤特性的重要参数,在土壤系统分类中作为诊断土壤某些亚纲、土类及亚类划分的参考依据。基于河北省142个气象观测站1951—2010年的日值气象数据,利用GIS空间分析技术,对河北省近60年的土壤温度和干湿状况的时空变化规律进行了分析。结果表明:(1)1951—2010年的平均土温和平均干燥度指数呈现上升趋势,且1981—2010年的上升速率均高于1951—1980年。(2)河北省主要有冷性和温性两种土壤温度状况,与1951—1980年相比,1981—2010年的温性土壤向北有所移动,移动的距离和面积大约为14.26 km和5 665 km2。(3)河北省的土壤干湿状况分布具有明显的地域差异,地表干湿状况可分为湿润、半湿润和半干旱三个等级;东部和北部区域气候湿润状况优于西部和南部,也间接表明了土壤的干湿分布状况。该研究结果为土壤系统分类定量化的诊断特性取代传统土壤分类中的地带性概念提供参考。
译 名：
SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIATION OF SOIL TEMPERATURE AND SOIL MOISTURE REGIME IN HEBEI PROVINCE
作 者：
Cao Xianghui;Lei Qiuliang;Long Huaiyu;Zhang Renlian;Sun Fujun;Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University;
关键词：
Soil moisture regime;;Soil temperature;;Aridity index;;Spatio-temporal variation
摘 要：
Soil temperature and soil moisture regime are two important parameters characterizing soil properties,and two important factors affecting physical,chemical and biological processes of soil formation,and can be used to serve as reference and basis for dividing certain soil suborders,soil groups and soil subgroups in soil taxonomy. Besides,as heat and moisture exchanges occur frequently between the soil and the atmosphere,climate directly affects the soil in hydrothermal condition. Therefore,60 years(1951—2010)of daily meteorological observation data of 142 meteorological observation stations in Hebei Province,annual cumulative mean aridity index and soil temperature at each station was calculated using the Selianinov's equation and soil temperature interpolation method. Results of the calculation were subjected to spatial analysis using the geostatistic method and then the GIS spatial analytic technology for laws of the spatio-temporal variation of soil temperature and meteorological aridity and humidity,which can not only be cited to verify the research methods used by the precedent researchers,but also be applied to the soil taxonomy. Results show:(1)during the 60 years the annual mean soil temperature and mean aridity indices displayed a rising trend,with rising rate much higher in the first 30 years than in the second 30 years,which indicates that soil aridity in the province was gradually aggravating;(2)The soils in the province can roughly be divided into two types in terms of soil temperature,i.e. cold soil and warm soil. Compared with the first 30 years,the second 30 years witnessed warm soils expanding 14.26 km towards north over an area of 5665 km2. Air temperature displayed a similar pattern,moving 18.63 km towards north over an area of 6539 km2;And(3)Soil moisture regime varied significantly from region to region,demonstrating an apparent zonality. Surface soil moisture regime in the province can be divided into humid,semi humid and semi-arid. From the perspective of spatial distribution,areas high in aridity are mainly distributed in the southern part of Hebei and the Sangyang basin in Zhangjiakou,while areas low in aridity are mainly in the low-mountains and hills regions along the south piedmont of the Yanshan Mountains,like the southwest of Chengde,the north of Tangshan,a large portion of the central north of Qinhuangdao and a small portion of the north of Hebei,indicating that the climate is obviously more humid in the east and north parts of the province than in the west and south parts,which also indirectly reveals distribution of soil moisture;From the perspective of temporal variation,compared with the first 30 years,the second 30 years had aridity index increased by 0.01~0.85 in Bashang plateau,the east part of Hebei and areas south to the Handan-Qinghe-Renxian-Pingxiang line,and decreased by 0.01~0.59 in the northeast part of the province,North Hebei Plateau and east part of the central south plain,indicating that air moisture regime varied with time,which in turn affected soil moisture regime in the province. It used to be held that the Plateau in Northwest Hebei province was in the category of semi-arid zone and the remaining part of the province could mostly be sorted into semi humid zone,which is different from the findings of this research. The findings of this study could serve as reference for using quantified diagnostic characteristics in the soil taxonomy to replace the concept of zonality in the traditional soil classification.
