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Position: Home > Articles > Differentiation and Analysis of Several Basic Problems of Grain Security in China Issues in Agricultural Economy 2018 (05) 27-33

关于粮食安全几个基本问题的辨析

作  者：
张云华
单  位：
国务院发展研究中心农村经济研究部
关键词：
粮食安全;食品安全;粮食自给率;人均粮食产量;人均粮食占有量
摘  要：
粮食安全的内涵小于食物安全,粮食安全的实质是食物安全,食物安全的重点是粮食。剔除进口大豆及价格倒挂型进口后,我国真实的粮食自给率已足够高。综合粮食供求、国际贸易、库存、综合供给能力考虑,应给我国粮食自给率减压,分层次确定口粮、谷物、粮食等自产率与自给率。农村改革四十年来有几个时期热别是近期我国粮食供过于求。2017年,我国人均粮食产量、包括净进口(不含大豆)的人均粮食占有量以及再包括年末库存的人均粮食占有量已分别达到445公斤、468公斤、637公斤的高点。2010年以来我国人均粮食(谷物)产量持续高于全球平均水平。建议确立年人均粮食产量400公斤为粮食安全调控基线,结合人均粮食占有量指标制定分区间的粮食调控机制。
译  名：
Differentiation and Analysis of Several Basic Problems of Grain Security in China
作  者：
ZHANG Yunhua;
关键词：
Grain security;;Food security;;Grain self-sufficiency rate;;Per capita grain output;;Per capita grain possession
摘  要：
The connotation of grain security is less than food security. The essence of grain security is food security,and the priority of food security is grain. After excluding imported soybeans and price inversion import,China's real grain self-sufficiency rate is high enough. Considering the supply and demand of grain,international trade,stock and comprehensive supply,we should decompress the grain selfsufficiency rate of our country,and determine the self-production rate and self-sufficiency rate of cereal,grain and so on. China's grain supply exceeded demand in several periods of these forty years since rural reform,especially in recent years. In 2017,the per capita grain output of our country,the per capita grain possession including net imports( excluding soybeans),and the per capita grain possession including the stock at the end of the year had reached a high point of 445 kg,468 kg and 637 kg respectively. China's per capita cereal output has continued to be higher than the global average since 2010. The paper proposes to establish the annual grain output of 400 kg per capita as the base line of grain security regulation and control,and to formulate the grain regulation mechanism in different levels with the per capita grain possession index.

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