摘 要：
针对陕北黄土高原地形支离破碎,年降雨分布不均和干旱缺水的自然特点,研制开发出集雨袋贮、节水包滴灌、膜上子母滴灌管节水灌溉产品,基本解决了不同地类的灌溉需求。丰雨期对降水集贮、旱时补灌,是干旱山地集雨与节水灌溉新技术。其主要特点:集雨与节水滴灌的建筑和制作成本低,节水效率高,增产效益显著。集雨袋贮建筑与传统水泥、沙、石窑窖相比,降低建筑成本费50%～60%。节水包滴灌、膜上子母滴灌管产品,它的灌溉滴头是由细长塑料软管与水量控制器组成,滴灌时可根据不同植物根系在土壤中的分布深度,将滴头插入植物根系分布层滴灌,灌溉水可供植物直接吸收利用。采取深层滴灌克服了地表灌溉强烈蒸发,提高了灌溉水利用率,节水包、膜上子母滴灌的水利用率达95%。节水包滴灌提高枣树造林成活率52.5%,比穴灌增产29%,解决了干旱山地长期存在枣树造林成活困难和成龄枣树低产问题。膜上子母滴灌管使旱地农作物平均增产50%～60%,使地形条件复杂的山地农作物实现了田园化灌溉经营。
译 名：
Design on the System of Rain-collecting and Water-saving Irrigation and it's Utilization
作 者：
YANG Rong-hui,WANG Yan-ping,ZHANG Hai,LIU Sheng-yu(College of Resources and Environment,NW Sci-Tech Univ. Agr. and For.,Yangling Shaanxi712100, China)
关键词：
Rain-collecting and bag-storing; Water-saving irrigation; Products design; Application benefits
摘 要：
Aimed at the loess plateau of Northern Shaanxi where with the natural characteristics of broken-up topography and unwell-distributed annual rainfall as well as lack of water, the water-saving irrigation products have been developed which including rain-collecting and bag-storing,water-saving bag drip irrigation and composite drip tube on the film and so on. The products solved bisically the problem of irrigation requirements and can collect and store the remainder of rain water in the period of plentiful rainfall, and fill up irrigation in the dry period, which is the new products to collect rain water and save water irrigation. The character is low cost, yield increasing benefits is remarkable, water saving benefits is high. The building cost of the facilities of rain-collecting and bag-storing is 50%～60% lower than the traditional water-collecting pit which is made of cements and as well as stone.The tap of water-saving irrigation and composite drip tube on the film consist of a slender and soft plastic tube and a water quantity controller. The tap can be insert into the distribution layer of the plant root system and do dripping irrigation according to the distributing depth of the root system of different plant in the soil . The products can make irrigation water into the deeplayer, which overcome the strongly evaporation on the soil surface and enhighten the utilization rate of the irrigation water. The rate of the irrigation of the water-saving bag and composite bag chrip irrigation can enhighten the jujube survival rate of afforestation 52.5%,which can also increase the yield 29% than the pit irrigation and the problem of the low suruival rate of jujube afforestation and the low yield of the muture jujube which having been existed for a long time have been solved. The composite drip irrigation on the film makes the crops in the mountainous and dry land areas increased 50%～60% in average and makes the management of crops in mountainous and dry land areas to be fields and gardens.The technique stated above created a new model of water-saving irrigation for the continued development of agriculture and forestry in the dry and lack of water area.
