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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 苹果开心树形叶幕太阳辐射吸收规律研究 华北农学报 2009,24 (4) 212-217
Position: Home > Articles > Study of Solar Radiation and Its Transmission and Diffusion in the Center-open System of Apple Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica 2009,24 (4) 212-217

苹果开心树形叶幕太阳辐射吸收规律研究

作  者：
牛自勉;张文和;王建新
单  位：
山西省农业科学院;北京昌平中日友好果园
关键词：
叶幕;太阳辐射;光质;微区光环境
摘  要：
为了探讨不同树形模式条件下果园光照的变化规律,系统比较叶幕结构对太阳辐射吸收光谱、不同光质比例以及光质强度的差异,为中国苹果树形改造提供依据,以开心树形和小冠树形苹果树为试材进行了研究。试验结果表明:太阳辐射透过苹果叶幕时,辐射光谱发生了不均匀消减:在530~560 nm和672~703 nm波长内,形成了辐射快速消减区,其消减速率明显高于相对应叶幕辐射消减的平均值;而在738~746 nm波长之间,形成了辐射消减的惰性区,其消减速率明显低于相对应叶幕的平均值。受叶幕结构的影响,在开心形叶幕层中因吸收截获率较低,因而透射率较高。而小冠形树则相反,叶幕层的透射率较低。不同叶幕层的光谱构成中,PAR(400~700 nm)、紫外辐射(U,300~380 nm)、红外及远红外辐射(R/FR,780~1010 nm)所占的比例不同。从树冠表面到内膛叶幕,PAR比例依次递减,U,R/FR的比例依次递增,开心树形叶幕中PAR的递减速率较慢。不同波长辐射在叶幕层内的消减速率不同。拟合回归方程表明,太阳总辐射(300~1010 nm)和PAR透过叶幕时,其消减速率呈指数函数,而U,R/FR透过叶幕层时,则以多项式或对数形式递减。由于开心树形叶幕透射率较高,树冠不同部位的PAR分别高于小冠树形处理,因而有利于苹果树的光合作用。
译  名：
Study of Solar Radiation and Its Transmission and Diffusion in the Center-open System of Apple
作  者：
NIU Zi-mian1,ZHANG Wen-he2,WANG Jian-xin1(1.The Research Centre of Modern Agriculture,Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Taiyuan 030031,China;2.Sino-Japanese Friendship Orchard of Changping,Beijing 102200,China)
关键词：
Canopy;Solar radiation;Light quality;Microlight environment
摘  要：
Solar radiation(300-1 010 nm),photo synthetically active radiation(PAR,380-720 nm),ultraviolet radiation(U,300-380 nm),infrared radiation(R/FR,780-1 010 nm),transmission rate of solar direct radiation and diffused radiation of apple(Malus domestica Borhk.cv.Fuji)were measured under the field with the center-open and small canopy trepanning system at Beijing from 2004 to 2007.The result showed that:when solar radiation passed through canopy,radiation spectrum changed greatly.At 530-560 nm and 738-746 nm,the radiation reduced significantly,and at 738-746 nm,the radiation reduced slowly.The ratio of transmission of center-open trepanning system was higher than that of small canopy trepanning system.The ratio of PAR,U and R/FR radiation were different in different canopy.From surface to inner of the canopy,the ratio of PAR was decreased and the ratio of U and R/FR radiation were increased.The intensity of PAR,U and R/FR radiation decreased from surface to inner of the canopy.The intensity of solar radiation,PAR,U and R/FR radiation were different in different canopy.Fitting equations showed that,when solar radiation and PAR passed through canopy,their radiant intensity decreased in the way of exponential function;and when U and R/FR passed through canopy,their radiant intensity decreased in the way of logarithmic function or polynomial function.

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